272 résultats pour "africa"

• Burkina Faso - country.

  powers to promote the welfare of the people. The Lobi live in the southwest as farmers and hunters. Defiant of newcomers, they live in small terraced fortifications. The Bobo are chiefly farmers, artisans, and metalworkers living in large villages in the west-central part of the country. The Gourounsi are mainly artisans and farmers in the south-central areas. Their society is lesshighly structured than that of the other Voltaic groups. Christianity has made substantial inroads among them. The M...

• Blacks in Latin America.

  Throughout Latin America and the Caribbean the slave population declined at the astonishing rate of 2 to 4 percent a year; thus, by the time slavery was abolished, theoverall slave population in many places was far less than the total number of slaves imported. The British colony of Jamaica, for example, imported more than 600,000slaves during the 18th century; yet, in 1838, the slave population numbered little more than 300,000. The French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti)imported mo...

• Cambio climático - ciencias de la naturaleza.

  relevante que influye en la dinámica del clima en la Tierra. El hielo presente en las regiones polares proporciona datos sobre la composición de la antigua atmósfera de la Tierra. Los núcleos de hielo analizados por los científicos,procedentes de las placas de hielo de Groenlandia y de la Antártida, ofrecen información sobre la temperatura y los gases de efecto invernadero presentes en la atmósferade hace cientos de miles de años. Las capas de estos núcleos de hielo formadas por las nevadas esta...

• Oscar-Preisträger.

  Beste RegieJAHR NAME ORIGINALTITEL DEUTSCHER TITEL 1929 Lewis MilestoneFrank Borzage Two Arabian KnightsSeventh Heaven SchlachtenbummlerIm siebenten Himmel 1930 Frank Lloyd The Divine Lady Die ungekrönte Königin 1930 Lewis Milestone All Quiet on the Western Front Im Westen nichts Neues 1931 Norman Taurog Skippy - 1932 Frank Borzage Bad Girl - 1934 Frank Lloyd Cavalcade Cavalcade 1935 Frank Capra It Happened One Night Es geschah in einer Nacht 1936 John Ford The Informer Der Verräter 1937 Frank C...

• Egypt - country.

  Egypt has a wide variety of mineral deposits, some of which, such as gold and red granite, have been exploited since ancient times. The chief mineral resource ofcontemporary value is petroleum, found mainly in the Red Sea coastal region, at Al ‘Alamayn (El ‘Alamein) on the Mediterranean, and on the Sinai Peninsula. Otherminerals include phosphates, manganese, iron ore, and uranium. Natural gas is also extracted. D Plants and Animals The vegetation of Egypt is confined largely to the Nile Delta,...

• Chimpanzee - biology.

  separate occasions in Central Africa, probably beginning in the 1940s or 1950s. Chimpanzees infected with the original retrovirus or with HIV do not develop AIDS,however. Scientific classification: Chimpanzees belong to the Primate order. Some scientists classify chimpanzees in the family Pongidae and other scientists place chimpanzees in the family Hominidae. They make up the genus Pan. The common chimpanzee is classified as Pan troglodytes. The bonobo is classified as Pan paniscus. Micr...

• Deforestación - geografía.

  las áreas boscosas de Inglaterra ya estaban deforestadas. A mediados del siglo XVII en la península Ibérica había desaparecido el 75% de los bosques. En la Europacontinental y en América del Norte, la deforestación se aceleró durante los siglos XVIII y XIX, con el fin de despejar tierras y dedicarlas a cultivos alimentarios paraabastecer a las ciudades industriales y hacer frente a las necesidades de combustible y de materiales de construcción. Desde entonces, la creciente productividad agrícola...

• Deforestación - ciencias de la naturaleza.

  las áreas boscosas de Inglaterra ya estaban deforestadas. A mediados del siglo XVII en la península Ibérica había desaparecido el 75% de los bosques. En la Europacontinental y en América del Norte, la deforestación se aceleró durante los siglos XVIII y XIX, con el fin de despejar tierras y dedicarlas a cultivos alimentarios paraabastecer a las ciudades industriales y hacer frente a las necesidades de combustible y de materiales de construcción. Desde entonces, la creciente productividad agrícola...

• Hippopotamus - biology.

  hippo backs up to its droppings and uses its tail as a paddle, flicking the dung through the air. This creates a pile that can become several meters wide over time. Male river hippos start to establish territories when they are in their early 20s, and they may eventually control more than 250 m (820 ft) of the water's edge.Subordinate males come and go freely, but a rival male will spark a confrontation if it tries to intrude. The territory owner and intruder face each other open-mouthedand, if...

• Arabic Literature I INTRODUCTION Arabic Literature, literature written in the Arabic language, from the 6th century to the present.

  The life of the Prophet Muhammad also generated its own literary sources, primary among which is the hadith. The hadiths were a collection of the Prophet's sayings and actions, transmitted through a chain of authorities said to go back to Muhammad himself. The two most famous collections of hadiths are those of al-Bukhari andMuslim in the 9th century. These works provide a wealth of information covering all aspects of a Muslim's life, from prayer to personal, social, and business conduct. The...

• Middle Ages .

  Saints were very important in Late Antiquity. They were considered both models of virtue and powerful miracle workers. One of the most well-known saints of the periodwas Saint Anthony. Anthony gave away all his possessions and left his hometown in Egypt to live alone in the desert and pray. Anthony was one of the first Christianmonks. The word monk comes from a term meaning 'alone.' Gradually Anthony attracted followers, and he eventually became the center of a whole community of monks who wis...

• Zululand.

  Mpande died in 1872 and Cetshwayo continued his policy of maintaining good relations with the British. However, British interests soon shifted. For the sake of imperialstrategy and economic opportunity, the British decided to bring all the white-ruled states of southern Africa under their authority. But confederation, as this policy wasknown, seemed to be threatened by an independent, powerful, and unpredictable Zulu state in its midst. Despite desperate negotiations by Cetshwayo, the British we...

• Augustine

  do what one knows one ought not to be doing, mark him off from ethicists of the classical Greek period. YetAugustine also preserves in his own thinking important strands of ancient Greek thought. Thus, for example, hisdevelopment of the doctrine of the Christian virtues includes an echo of Plato's idea of the unity of the virtues. Hisinsistence that 'ought' does not, in any straightforward way, imply 'can', distinguishes him, not only from hiscontemporary Pelagius, whom he helped brand...

• Great White Shark - biology.

  The great white shark is a rare species that takes long to reach sexual maturity and that reproduces slowly. Populations cannot easily increase if depleted. The biggestthreat to great whites comes from being unintentionally caught in fishing nets. Some targeted fisheries and sport fishing for great white sharks also occur. Trade ingreat white shark products includes the jaws (which can sell for thousands of dollars as curios), individual teeth, and leather from its skin. Fins from all sharks, in...

• Camel - biology.

  of water in the stomach or hump as was once commonly believed. Unlike other mammals, however, the camel can survive as long as three weeks without drinking,depending on the water content of its food. It can survive a water loss of about 40 percent of its normal body weight. In comparison, a loss of 15 percent is usually fatalfor humans. Camels can go without water due to several unique adaptations to their environment. The camel conserves more water in its body than any other mammal. It excretes...

• Cameroon - country.

  seminomadic herders of the north. Cattle, goats, and fowl are the most commonly raised animals. B Forestry and Fishing Timber is traditionally one of Cameroon’s most valuable exports, consisting mainly of mahogany, ebony, and teak. The timber cut in 2006 amounted to 11.4 million cu m(401 million cu ft). Most of the fish caught in Cameroon come from the country’s rivers and lakes and are consumed locally. However, deep-sea fishing activity isincreasing, especially from the port of Douala. Some 1...

• D-Day Invasion.

  The Allied planners focused on the beaches around Caen and the Cotentin Peninsula in northern France rather than those of Calais, even though it meant the forcewould be crossing at a wider part of the English Channel. That disadvantage was far outweighed by what the site offered: comparatively scanty defensive fortificationsand beachhead ideally suited for successful exits. The clincher was an isolated battlefield that the Germans would have difficulty reinforcing. The date was set for May 1, 19...

• Burundi - country.

  D Way of Life Most Burundians live in self-contained compounds of small round grass huts scattered over the country’s many hills. The rugo , the traditional Tutsi hut, is divided into sections and surrounded by an enclosure and cattle corrals. Families farm scattered plots of land on different soils at different altitudes to minimize crop failure. Thefloors of valleys are avoided due to higher temperatures and tsetse fly infestation. Social roles are largely determined by ethnicity, with the T...

• Mental Illness.

  note that under this definition, political dissidents could be considered mentally ill for refusing to accept the dictates of their government. VI PREVALENCE Mental illness affects people of all ages, races, cultures, and socioeconomic classes. The prevalence of mental illness refers to how many people experience a mentalillness during a specified time period. A United States and Worldwide In the United States, researchers estimate that about 24 percent of people 18 or older, or about 44 mill...

• Ship. I INTRODUCTION Ship, vessel that is buoyant in the water and used

  B1 Biremes Experience soon proved that longer ships posed a new set of problems: They were weaker structurally, more difficult to maneuver, and presented a larger target to anyenemy ship with a ram. In the 8th century BC Mediterranean shipbuilders eliminated these problems with the bireme , a war galley built to accommodate two levels, or banks , of oarsmen. Oarsmen on the lower level rowed oars from ports cut into the side of the vessel, while those above rowed from the deck. This arrangemen...

• Congo (river) - geography.

  Lake BangweuluLake Bangweulu, in northeastern Zambia, drains into the Congo by way of the Luapula and Luvua rivers. Lake Bangweulu and thesurrounding swamps form an important ecosystem for many species of migratory birds.Christine Osborne Pictures The Congo’s remotest headstreams rise in northern Zambia and southern DRC, in elevations ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 m (3,000 to 7,000 ft) above sea level. Theseheadstreams are broken by many rapids and therefore cannot be used for commercial navigatio...

• Quûl novi ex Africa ? Quelle nouveauté nous vient d'Afrique ? Ce proverbe encore en usage aujourd'hui rappelle que des...

  Quûl novi ex Africa ? Quelle nouveauté nous vient d'Afrique ? Ce proverbe encore en usage aujourd'hui rappelle que des maux et des difficultés peuvent toujours faire irruption sans crier gare dans notre existence : cette fo11ï1ulation médiévale trouve son origine dans un passage de Pline 1'Ancien (Naturalis historia, 8, 17, 42), qui rapportait qu'en Afrique les bêtes sauvages s'accouplaient entre elles, y compris entre races différentes en donnant ainsi nai~sance à des monstres, et il citait à l...

• Gabón - geografía.

  mineros, ha ido aumentando la presión para la explotación forestal.Hagos Legesse La riqueza minera de Gabón le ha proporcionado uno de los más altos niveles de vida de África y ha mantenido los bosques a salvo de la presión explotadora. Comoresultado, aproximadamente el 81,4% (2005) de la superficie de Gabón permanece cubierta por bosques, con una fauna abundante. Su población de elefantes se encuentraentre las mayores y más estables del mundo. Las áreas protegidas cubren el 14,4% (2007) del paí...

• Python (snake) - biology.

  pythons are prey for monitor lizards, crocodiles, storks, eagles, and predatory mammals ranging from hyenas to leopards and other cats depending on the region. V PYTHONS AND HUMANS Modern humans have lived alongside pythons for thousands of years. The giant species have been treated with both reverence and fear. Pythons have been widelyassociated with fertility, water, and the Earth. Some African tribes have worshiped pythons as protective spirits. Among Aboriginal Australians the Rainbow Serpe...

• Gabon - country.

  government is engaged in preservation and reforestation programs. The fish catch in 2005 was 43,941 metric tons. C Mining Mining has developed rapidly since Gabon’s independence in 1960. Annual production of extremely high-grade manganese ore, from Moanda in the southeast, was1,090,000 metric tons in 2004. The rich deposits of iron ore located at Mekambo and Bélinga in the northeast have reserves estimated at more than 500 million metrictons. Exploitation of the iron ore has been hampered by th...

• Senegal - country.

  Although most of the population works in agriculture, Senegal has a growing industrial sector, one of the largest in West Africa. Nevertheless, two cash crops remain atthe foundation of the economy—peanuts and cotton. Important technical and economic assistance has been provided by France and other countries of the EuropeanUnion and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank). In 2006 the gross domestic product (GDP) was $9.2 billion, or $760.90 a person. A Agriculture...

• Men's Track and Field Individual: Olympic Gold Medalists.

  1896 Thomas Burke United States 54.20 1900 Maxwell Long United States 49.40 1904 Harry Hillman United States 49.20 1906 Paul Pilgrim United States 53.20 1908 Wyndham Halswelle United Kingdom 50.00 1912 Charles Reidpath United States 48.20 1920 Bevil Rudd South Africa 49.60 1924 Eric Liddell United Kingdom 47.60 1928 Ray Barbuti United States 47.80 1932 William Carr United States 46.20 1936 Archie Williams United States 46.50 1948 Arthur Wint Jamaica 46.20 1952 V. George Rhoden Jamaica 45.90 1956...

• Men's Track and Field Individual: Olympic Gold Medalists.

  1896 Thomas Burke United States 54.20 1900 Maxwell Long United States 49.40 1904 Harry Hillman United States 49.20 1906 Paul Pilgrim United States 53.20 1908 Wyndham Halswelle United Kingdom 50.00 1912 Charles Reidpath United States 48.20 1920 Bevil Rudd South Africa 49.60 1924 Eric Liddell United Kingdom 47.60 1928 Ray Barbuti United States 47.80 1932 William Carr United States 46.20 1936 Archie Williams United States 46.50 1948 Arthur Wint Jamaica 46.20 1952 V. George Rhoden Jamaica 45.90 1956...

• Rain Forest.

  dropped into the heart of the forest by helicopters. Suspended from the crane’s long, movable arm is a large gondola that functions as a mobile treetop laboratory.Moving from tree to tree, forest researchers collect specimens, conduct experiments, and observe life in the canopy frontier. The highest stratum of the rain forest is made up of the emergent trees, those individuals that stick up above the forest canopy. Emergents, which do not form acontinuous layer, are usually the giants of the for...

• Antarctica - Geography.

  The maximum area of sea ice surrounding Antarctica each winter varies from year to year. A marked decline during the 1970s appears to have reversed in more recentdecades, except in the Antarctic Peninsula area. This area has lost almost 40 percent of its sea ice since the start of the 1980s. Sea ice is important to marine life. Krillfeed on algae that live under the sea ice and are released when the ice melts in spring and summer. In turn, many marine animals feed on krill. Emperor penguinsbreed...

• La época de los descubrimientos: Castilla y Portugal a la conquista del mar

  Los avances técnicos que mejoraron la navegación:   se desarrollaron nuevos mapas pensados especialmente para la navegación, en los que se señalaba la distancia más corta entre los diferentes puertos. se extendió el uso de instrumentos de navegación que ayudaban a orientarse mejor, como el astrolabio, la brújula y el cuadrante. se crearon nuevos tipos de barcos, como la carabela. Su nombre procede del árabe “Karabos”, que significa escarabajo. La carabela tenía mayor v...

• El Cairo - geografía.

  Cairo, fundada en 1919, donde los niños egipcios de clase alta conviven con estudiantes y profesores extranjeros, lo que aporta un elemento occidental a la mezclacosmopolita de la ciudad. Una disciplina académica gira en torno a la conservación y exposición del pasado que se muestra en las colecciones de los museos de El Cairo. ElMuseo Egipcio, construido en el año 1900, posee miles de magníficas piezas, entre las que se incluyen más de 1.700 de la colección del faraón Tutankamón. El Museo deArt...

• Cabo Verde (república) - geografía.

  Robert van der Hilst/Corbis La mayoría de la población de Cabo Verde es una mezcla de africanos y descendientes europeos conocidos como criollos o mestiços. Casi todos los demás son de raza africana. La población total de Cabo Verde (según estimaciones para 2008) es de 426.113 habitantes, con una densidad de 106 hab/km². La lengua oficial es el portugués;la lengua nacional, sin embargo, es el crioulo, un dialecto criollo del portugués que incorpora muchos elementos africanos. El catolicismo...

• Yibuti (república) - geografía.

  5 GOBIERNO La Constitución vigente en Yibuti fue promulgada el 4 de septiembre de 1992. Hasta ese año, el único partido político legal era la Asamblea Popular para el Progreso (RPP,en sus siglas en francés). La citada Carta Magna derogó ese régimen de partido único y legalizó los partidos políticos, si bien la RPP siguió hegemonizando la vida políticadel país. El presidente de la República es elegido por sufragio universal para un mandato de seis años. Al frente del gobierno se encuentra el pri...

• Periodos glaciales - ciencias de la naturaleza.

  paleomagnéticas indican que entonces el polo sur yacía sobre el oeste de África. Hace unos 600 millones de años, se produjo otro periodo glacial. Las capas de tillita, rocaformada por el endurecimiento de materia arrastrada por los glaciares (el acarreo glaciar o till), prueban la existencia de estos antiguos periodos glaciales. Véase también Glaciación. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993--2008 Microsoft Corporation. Reservados todos los derechos.

• Lions.

  since ancient times. They have also hunted the animals lions need for food. In many places, people havedestroyed the areas where lions lived by building towns, roads, and farms. There are about 100,000 lions left in the world. Only a few hundred Asian lions live in India. Most lionslive on game reserves in Africa. Thousands of lions also live in zoos and circuses around the world. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

• Música árabe - Música.

  similar a los músicos clásicos de la India o los de jazz; estas innovaciones pueden ser composiciones prolongadas, de más de diez minutos y hasta una hora de duración,que sólo conservan una semejanza con la estructura general de los modelos. Las invenciones del músico tradicionalmente dependen de la respuesta del público que reacciona durante la actuación, bien de forma verbal o mediante el aplauso; elsilencio es interpretado como falta de interés o signo de desaprobación. Los miembros del públi...

• Zambie.

  bantoue s'y établit après l'an mille. Au XVII e siècle, la région était divisée en royaumes bantous (Lalas, Lozis et Bembas), structurés selon le modèle des Lundas du Zaïre. Ces États centralisés étaient dirigés par des dignitaires nobles qui s'appuyaient sur les systèmes de parenté. Au début du XIX e siècle, des bouleversements intervinrent. La montée en puissance des commerçants swahilis de la côte orientale renforça le pouvoir des Bembas, qui contrôlaient une partie des réseaux commerciaux....

• Madagascar - geografía.

  Cascada en MadagascarLos ríos de Madagascar que corren hasta el océano Índico son cortos y rápidos y con frecuencia descienden desde las tierras altas encascadas. En la imagen, una de las cascadas que se pueden encontrar en el Parque nacional Ranomafana.FPG International, LLC Los mayores ríos de Madagascar son: Betsiboka, Tsiribihina, Mangoky y Onilahy; todos ellos nacen en las tierras altas cerca de la costa este y fluyen hacia el oeste hasta elcanal de Mozambique a través de fértiles valles. E...

• Benín (república) - geografía.

  Benín tiene una población de 8.294.941 habitantes (estimaciones para 2008), que crece a una tasa del 2,6% anual. La densidad de población es de 75 hab/km², pero másdel triple se concentra en el sur, donde viven casi más de las tres cuartas partes de los beninenses. Sólo un 46% de la población vive en áreas urbanas. Las principalesciudades son Cotonou (población de 828.000 habitantes, estimada en 2003), el centro de negocios y puerto principal; Porto-Novo (238.000 habitantes, estimada en 2003);Pa...

• Angola - geografía.

  que se consumen en el país. El proceso de erosión del suelo y de desertización se ha acelerado debido a la pobreza de las técnicas agrícolas; como consecuencia, los ríos ylas presas se han colmatado de sedimentos. La deforestación, provocada sobre todo por el suministro de madera tropical al mercado internacional, está diezmandorápidamente los bosques tropicales del norte y constituye una amenaza para la biodiversidad. Existe una zona protegida de parques y reservas naturales, pero carece de fon...

• Zimbabue - geografía.

  a lo largo de la frontera oriental y en las zonas más húmedas del Veld alto. La fauna incluye elefantes, hipopótamos, leones, hienas, cocodrilos, antílopes, impalas, jirafas y babuinos. 2.4 Recursos minerales Zimbabue es rico en recursos minerales. La mayor parte de los minerales se encuentran en el Gran Dique, una formación geológica que se extiende de norte a sur a travésdel centro del país. Los minerales de esta banda incluyen mineral de cromo, cobre, asbesto, níquel, oro, plata y mineral...

• Festivals and Feasts.

  The festivals of many ethnic and national groups are credited with the preservation of unique customs, folktales, costumes, and culinary skills. An interesting recentdevelopment is the merging of the arts, lore, and customs of various regions in Africa in the cultural festival known as Kwanzaa (Swahili kwanza, ”beginnings”). Introduced from Africa into the United States in 1977, this festival is celebrated with feasts and songs in the home for seven days and nights from December 26 toJanuary 1....

• La vida de las hormigas - (exposé gratuit en espagnol).

  Cuando se ven amenazados, los soldados reaccionan de diversas maneras según las especies. Unos atacan a sus adversarios con susgrandes mandíbulas; otros, como las hormigas rojas, se apoyan sobre sus patas traseras, doblan su abdomen y proyectan sobre losintrusos un veneno ácido (el ácido fórmico). Hay hormigas que no permanecen toda la vida en el hormiguero, sino que se desplazan de un sitio a otro. Los soldados se encargan deproteger al resto de las hormigas durante los desplazamientos. En otra...

• Women's Swimming: Olympic Gold Medalists.

  1912 Fanny Durack Australia 1:22.2 1920 Ethelda Bleibtrey United States 1:13.6 1924 Ethel Lackie United States 1:12.4 1928 Albina Osipowich United States 1:11.0 1932 Helene Madison United States 1:06.8 1936 Hendrika Mastenbroek The Netherlands 1:05.9 1948 Greta Andersen Denmark 1:06.3 1952 Katalin Szöke Hungary 1:06.8 1956 Dawn Fraser Australia 1:02.0 1960 Dawn Fraser Australia 1:01.2 1964 Dawn Fraser Australia 59.5 1968 Jan Henne United States 1:00.0 1972 Sandra Neilson United States 58.59 1976...

• Primera Guerra Mundial - historia.

  grandes potencias por la cuestión marroquí, declaró la guerra al Imperio otomano en 1911, con la esperanza de poder anexionarse la región de Tripolitania, situada al nortede África. Dado que Alemania se había visto obligada a entablar relaciones amistosas con el Imperio otomano a causa de su política de Drang nach Osten (‘Expansión hacia el Este’), el ataque de Italia debilitó a la Triple Alianza y alentó a sus enemigos. Las Guerras Balcánicas de 1912-1913 aumentaron el interés de Serbia por o...

• Owl - biology.

  Among the largest species of typical owls are the eagle owls. They have tufts of feathers on their heads that are called “ears.” The great horned owl is the only eagleowl found in the Americas. It is about 60 cm (25 in) in length with a wingspan of 1.4 m (60 in). Numerous species of eagle owls inhabit Europe, Africa, and Asia. Mostwidely distributed is the northern eagle owl, found from Scandinavia and Spain to Japan. It is about 71 cm (28 in) long with a wingspan of about 2m (72 in). Nearly asl...

• Monkey (animal) - biology.

  traveling in troops, often take turns acting as sentinel, making specific alarm calls to alert their companions to approaching danger. In trees, monkeys have other waysof outwitting their enemies. Capuchins, for example, sometimes fend off inquisitive predators by urinating on them from high above or by jumping up and down tomake dead branches fall on the predators. Most monkeys can breed at any time of the year, so their troops often contain young of many different ages. Courtship is typically...

• Primera Guerra Mundial - historia.

  independencia y para evitar el dominio del área por Francia y España. Francia amenazó a Alemania con declararle la guerra, pero el incidente se solucionó finalmente enuna conferencia internacional celebrada en Algeciras (España) en 1906. Los Balcanes fueron el escenario de un nuevo enfrentamiento en 1908, motivado por la anexión deBosnia-Herzegovina por parte de Austria-Hungría. Entre los distintos tipos de paneslavismo se encontraba el panserbianismo o movimiento para la creación de una GranSer...

• Gold - chemistry.

  producers of gold during this period. Spain's domination in South America resulted, in the 16th century, in a large increase in gold produced in the New World; someresulted from simple seizure of gold from the Native Americans, who had long mined the metal. In the same century Mexico contributed about 9 percent of the totalworld production. Gold was discovered in Australia in February 1851, and rich fields were found there. By the middle of the 19th century the United States produced a considera...