202 résultats pour "litérature"

• United States (Overview) - country.

  parts. IV UNITED STATES PEOPLE When Europeans first reached North America in the 1520s, they encountered other people—Native Americans—and they also encountered a new geography. Someimagined they were entering “a howling wilderness”—an environment filled with exotic flora and fauna but sparsely populated. In reality, they found their way to alandmass that was widely settled. But soon after the Europeans’ arrival, the population of the Americas plummeted, largely because Native Americans lacked...

• Israel - geographie.

  Israel eingewandert sind, und die Sephardim, deren Vorfahren von der Iberischen Halbinsel und aus Nordafrika nach Israel kamen. Andere Volksgruppen stammen aus demMittleren Osten oder aus Osteuropa. Letztere wanderten vor allem nach dem Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion und dem Zerfall des Ostblocks nach Israel aus. 3.1 Wichtige Städte Größte Stadt des Landes ist Jerusalem (702 000 Einwohner einschließlich der Altstadt). Weitere wichtige Städte sind das Industriezentrum Tel Aviv-Jaffa (369 000), Ha...

• Slovakia - country.

  The country is divided informally into the three regions of Western Slovakia, Central Slovakia, and Eastern Slovakia, corresponding to administrative divisions that wereabolished in 1989. Most of Slovakia’s 600,000 Hungarians live in the southern parts of Western and Central Slovakia, which served as the cultural center of Hungary forseveral centuries after Hungary proper was invaded by the Ottomans in the 16th century. The Ruthenian and Ukrainian minorities are concentrated in the northernregio...

• Algeria - country.

  areas to fishing. National parks, including the giant Tassili N’Ajjer National Park in the eastern corner of the country, comprise a large proportion of the protected area. The effects of Algeria’s human population on the fragile landscape have been severe. The greatest ecological threats are deforestation and burning of scrub vegetation,conversion of steppe habitat to arable land, and soil erosion due to overgrazing and poor farming practices. Pollution of Mediterranean coastal waters is pervas...

• Bolivia - country.

  E Plants and Animals Because of the wide variations in elevation, plant and animal species of nearly every climatic zone are found in Bolivia. A coarse grass, called ichu, grows on the largelybarren high plateau in the west. Para rubber trees, more than 2,000 species of hardwood trees, and vanilla, sarsaparilla, and saffron plants are common in the tropicalforests of the east. The llama, found chiefly on the Altiplano, is an efficient beast of burden. Alpacas and vicuñas also inhabit the platea...

• Georgia (country) - country.

  1917. During the subsequent Soviet period, religious practice was strongly discouraged because the Soviet state was officially atheistic; however, the GeorgianOrthodox Church was allowed to function openly. Orthodox Christianity is the religion of about 58 percent of the Georgian population. Muslims represent about 19 percent of the country’s population, with ethnicAzerbaijanis, Kurds, and Ajars comprising the principal Muslim groups. Ajars are ethnic Georgians who converted to Islam in the 17th...

• Afghanistan - geographie.

  3.2. 1 Feiertage Die weltlichen Feiertage in Afghanistan umfassen den Siegestag der muslimischen Nation (28. April), den nationalen Gedenktag (4. Mai) und den Unabhängigkeitstag(Jashn, am 18. August). Das Jashn-Fest erinnert an die Befreiung des Landes von der britischen Herrschaft im Jahr 1919 und dauert eine ganze Woche. Alle bedeutenden islamischen Feiertage richten sich nach dem Mondkalender und fallen daher jedes Jahr auf ein anderes Datum. Der Ramadan ist der Fastenmonat der Muslime. Der...

• Philippinen - geographie.

  Einwohner leben in Städten (2005). Das Bevölkerungswachstum beläuft sich auf 1,9 Prozent pro Jahr (2008). 3.1 Wichtige Städte Größte Stadt der Philippinen ist die Hauptstadt Manila mit etwa 10,4 Millionen Einwohnern (2003) in der Agglomeration. Die Stadt verfügt über den wichtigsten Hafen undist bedeutendster Produktionsstandort des Landes. Weitere wichtige Städte sind Quezon City (2,39 Millionen), das von 1948 bis 1976 die Hauptstadt des Landes war, Davao(1,40 Millionen), Cebu (662 000) und Za...

• Native American Art.

  folding, braiding or weaving, could also be sewn onto the hide. The production of decorated clothing and bags increased after contact with Europeans as a greater variety of textiles and other materials became available throughtrade. Imported glass beads inspired native women, who quickly adapted quillwork techniques for the creation of beaded apparel. European curvilinear and floraldesigns of the 19th century proved as meaningful for the native women who worked with them as they were for the non...

• Schweden - geographie.

  landwirtschaftlichen Abwässern enthaltene Stickstoff hat zu großen Schäden und zur Eutrophierung in Nordsee, Ostsee und in vielen Seen des Landes geführt. 3 BEVÖLKERUNG Schweden hat 9,05 Millionen Einwohner (2008) und eine Bevölkerungsdichte von 22 Einwohnern pro Quadratkilometer. Die Lebenserwartung zählt mit 78,5 Jahren fürMänner und 83,1 Jahren für Frauen (2008) zu den höchsten auf der Welt. Die mittlere Wachstumsrate der Bevölkerung liegt bei 0,16 Prozent im Jahr. Der überwiegende Teilder B...

• Ghana - country.

  times of depressed cacao prices, Ghana has significantly increased exports of timber to generate needed revenue. In 1988 Ghana initiated a conservation plan called the Forest Resource Management Project. In 1989 Ghana restricted the export of 18 tree species, and in 1994 thecountry banned the export of raw logs. About 4.8 percent (1997) of the country’s land is officially protected, but illegal logging threatens Ghana’s remaining forests. Deforestation, overgrazing, and periodic drought have led...

• Literature anglais

• Literaturgeschichte (Sprache & Litteratur).

• Klassizismus (Sprache & Litteratur).

• racina

  siecle.Le 18e siecle est caracterise par la grandeur : a la literature, a la structure, par rapport aux guerres e.t.c.   Racine: tragedie   Moliere: comedie      LE MODELE DE LA TRAGEDIE    1)l' exposition    2)le noeud, les intriques    3)le denouement, “catharsis”   La tragedie est un poeme en vers et en cinq actes. Ils respectent l'unite:    a) du temps(une journee, du matin au soir).    b) de l' espace (a un endroit, surtout le palais)    c) de l' action (une seule histoire)   LA...

• Barock (Sprache & Litteratur).

• Alessandro Manzoni - idiomas.

• Naturalismus (Sprache & Litteratur).

• Dante Alighieri - idiomas.

  Gustave Doré: Divina ComediaLos personajes y episodios de la Divina Comedia han inspirado a pintores e ilustradores de todos los tiempos, desde los anónimosartistas de los tiempos de Dante hasta maestros como Eugène Delacroix. Son célebres los grabados del francés Gustave Doré, comoesta escena, fechada en 1861, que representa la fuga y persecución de los condenados al Infierno.Corbis Dante debió de comenzar su obra maestra, la Divina Comedia, alrededor de 1307 y la concluyó probablemente poco...

• El camino

  Académico de la lengua. Galardones. En 1973, con más de veinte libros publicados y varios premios en su haber, Miguel Delibes es elegido miembro de la Real Academia de la Lengua , ocupando el sillón “e minúscula”. Llegan también para Miguel Delibes los reconocimientos y los premios: el Príncipe de Asturias , en 1982; el premio de las Letras de Castilla y León , en 1984; el de las Letras Españolas , e n 1991; y dos años más tarde, en 1993, el prem...

• Ernest Hemingway I INTRODUCTION Ernest Hemingway Twentieth-century American author Ernest Hemingway wrote novels and stories that reflected his rich life experiences as a war correspondent, outdoor sportsman, and bullfight enthusiast.

  In his early work Hemingway used themes of helplessness and defeat, but in the late 1930s his writing began to reflect concerns about social problems. His novel To Have and Have Not (1937) and his play The Fifth Column, published in The Fifth Column and the First Forty-nine Stories (1938), strongly condemned economic and political injustice. Two of his best short stories, “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber” and “The Snows of Kilimanjaro,” were part of the story collection. In thecla...

• James Joyce.

  story every Finn he could find, from Irish lore, English literature, and permutation of sound-alike words, such as “phoenix,” “Phoenician,” “Phineas,” and “finish.” Joyce carried his linguistic experimentation to its furthest point in Finnegans Wake, in part by combining English words with parts of words from various other languages. Joyce’s inventive use of language also shows in the way many words slip and slide in amusing directions. After an allusion to the fable of the ant and thegrasshop...

• Hermann GRAPOW 1949, Studien zu den Annalen Thutmosis des Dritten und zu ihnen verwandten historischen Berichten des Neuen Reiches, ADAW, 1947/2.

  BSEG 9-10,109-112. 1985a, «Das Fragment einerListefremdlândischer Tiere,Pflanzen undStâdte ausdem Totentempel des Kônigs Djedkare-Asosi »,SAK 12,29-42. 1985b, «Ein zweites Sedfest desKönigs Adjib»,VA 1,91-98. William GROFF 1899, «Moïse etles magiciens àla Cour dupharaon d'aprèslatradition chrétienne etles textes démotiques », RT 21, 219-222. 1902, «Études surcertains rapports entrel'Égypte etlaBible »,RT 24, 121-134. K.A. GRZYMSKI 1982, «Medewi/ BedewiandM d s/ Bedja »,GM 58,27-30. Rolf GUNDLACH...

• Hinduism.

  they do not share any basic terms. B Sanātana Dharma Evidence from inscriptions indicates that Hindus had begun to use the word dharma for their religion by the 7th century. After other religions of Indian origin also began to use this term, Hindus then adopted the expression san ātana dharma to distinguish their dharma from others. The word san ātana, meaning immemorial as well as eternal, emphasized the unbroken continuity of the Hindu tradition in contrast to the other dharmas . The Bu...

• James Joyce I INTRODUCTION James Joyce The works of Irish writer James Joyce are

  Odysseus’s wife, Penelope. The 18 chapters of Ulysses parallel episodes from the Odyssey, but there are crucial differences between the two books. For instance, most interpretations of the Odyssey credit Penelope with fidelity during her husband’s lengthy absence, while Molly Bloom is unfaithful to her husband. As in Portrait, each chapter in Ulysses has a distinct style that reflects both the exterior and interior lives of the characters and their development as individuals. The fina...

• Bertolt Brecht (Sprache & Litteratur).

  Mutter Courage schildert an Hand der Geschichte des Dreißigjährigen Krieges die vernichtenden Konsequenzen der politischen Machtstrukturen und Herrschaftsverhältnisse für das Leben der „kleinen Leute”. Mit Hitler setzte sich Brecht u. a. in Furcht und Elend des Dritten Reiches (1935/1938) und in Der aufhaltsame Aufstieg des Arturo Uí (1941) auseinander. In Letzterem werden clowneske Slapstick-Elemente tragend, die an Chaplins Der große Diktator von 1940 gemahnen und Hitler „der Lächerlichk...

• Grecia - geografía.

  nivel de contaminación. El Gobierno también incentiva el uso de automóviles con bajo nivel de contaminación. Otra medida importante para combatir la contaminación hasido la utilización de paneles solares para aprovechar la energía. La contaminación del agua es otro de los problemas que enfrenta Grecia. Los residuos de cerca del 50% de los puntos de actividad industrial, además de todas las cloacasde Atenas, desembocan en el golfo de Egina. Gran parte de estos residuos no son tratados. La contami...

• South Korea - country.

  forest habitat, and overhunting. The Siberian tiger has not been sighted in the wild in South Korea since the 1920s; the Asiatic black bear can still be found in someremote mountain areas. Several species of deer are indigenous to the peninsula, including the roe deer, water deer, and Siberian musk deer. The musk deer, which hasbeen overhunted for its musk glands, is legally protected as a threatened species. Smaller mammals indigenous to the peninsula include the wild boar, red fox, badger,rabb...

• African Theater I INTRODUCTION African Theater, traditional, historical, and contemporary dramatic forms in Africa south of the Sahara.

  The period after World War II ended in 1945 led to the struggle for and achievement of independence in many African countries. The new nation-states were oftenestablished along colonial boundaries and power was handed over to a bourgeois class who had been educated in Europe. The epoch-making era of nationalismproduced a number of African playwrights who merged African theatrical traditions with European forms. These plays are still widely performed and read in many partsof the continent. Nigeri...

• African Theater I INTRODUCTION African Theater, traditional, historical, and contemporary dramatic forms in Africa south of the Sahara.

  The period after World War II ended in 1945 led to the struggle for and achievement of independence in many African countries. The new nation-states were oftenestablished along colonial boundaries and power was handed over to a bourgeois class who had been educated in Europe. The epoch-making era of nationalismproduced a number of African playwrights who merged African theatrical traditions with European forms. These plays are still widely performed and read in many partsof the continent. Nigeri...

• Black Death.

  disappeared in the West. V DISAPPEARANCE OF PLAGUE Plague became less common in Europe after the 1530s. The last plague in England was in 1665, the last in Western Europe in 1722. Numerous theories have beenoffered to explain the disappearance of plague. It has been argued that black rats, the primary carriers of plague, may have been replaced by larger brown rats that donot carry the infection. A second theory suggests that increased immunity among the rodents that carried the disease or chang...

• Black Death .

  disappeared in the West. V DISAPPEARANCE OF PLAGUE Plague became less common in Europe after the 1530s. The last plague in England was in 1665, the last in Western Europe in 1722. Numerous theories have beenoffered to explain the disappearance of plague. It has been argued that black rats, the primary carriers of plague, may have been replaced by larger brown rats that donot carry the infection. A second theory suggests that increased immunity among the rodents that carried the disease or chang...

• Geschichte der Pädagogik 1 EINLEITUNG Geschichte der Pädagogik (griechisch paidagogike: Erziehungskunst), Bezeichnung von Theorie und Methode der Erziehung.

  6 HUMANISMUS UND RENAISSANCE Während der Renaissance erwachte erneut ein Interesse an der griechischen und römischen Kultur, so dass sich die mittelalterlichen Schulen verstärkt mit dem Studium derAntike beschäftigten. Viele Lehrer der griechischen Sprache und Literatur kamen nach Italien, darunter als erster der griechische Gelehrte Manuel Chrysoloras ausKonstantinopel (1397). Zu den Entdeckern und Übersetzern antiker Handschriften zählten auch die italienischen Humanisten Francesco Petrarca u...

• Coins and Coin Collecting.

  U.S. coins dates from 1909, when the first Lincoln Cents appeared during the centennial of Abraham Lincoln’s birth. George Washington’s profile was used on thequarter-dollar of 1932, a coin originally intended as a one-year commemorative to honor the 200th anniversary of his birth. The design quickly became so popular thatit was retained for regular-issue quarters and is still being used today. Thomas Jefferson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Dwight D. Eisenhower are theother Americ...

• India - country.

  delta in the north, are intensely farmed. B Rivers and Lakes The rivers of India can be divided into three groups: the great Himalayan rivers of the north, the westward-flowing rivers of central India, and the eastward-flowingrivers of the Deccan Plateau and the rest of peninsular India. Only small portions of India’s rivers are navigable because of silting and the wide seasonal variation inwater flow (due to the monsoon climate). Water transport is thus of little importance in India. Barrages,...

• Babylonia - USA History.

  Pharmacology, too, doubtless had made considerable progress, although the only major direct evidence of this comes from a Sumerian tablet written several centuriesbefore Hammurabi. C Legal System and Writing Law and justice were key concepts in the Babylonian way of life. Justice was administered by the courts, each of which consisted of from one to four judges. Often theelders of a town constituted a tribunal. The judges could not reverse their decisions for any reason, but appeals from their...

• Book Publishing I INTRODUCTION Book Publishing, manufacture, publication, and distribution of books.

  they use advanced printers and binding techniques to run off as many books as required. Printing only as many books as needed allows companies to save money, andbeing able to store books digitally means that books can be printed whenever necessary, keeping them in print indefinitely. B Marketing and Distribution Once the book has been made, it is ready for distribution. Traditionally, trade books have been sold primarily by salespeople calling on bookstores across the countryand taking orders f...

• From Uncle Tom's Cabin - anthology.

  the evils of slavery from sketches like these, is not the half that could be told, of the unspeakable whole. In the northern states, these representations may, perhaps, be thought caricatures; in the southern states are witnesses who know their fidelity. What personalknowledge the author has had, of the truth of incidents such as here are related, will appear in its time. It is a comfort to hope, as so many of the world's sorrows and wrongs have, from age to age, been lived down, so a ti...

• Library (institution).

  rooms, special galleries for exhibitions, auditoriums for lectures or concerts, computer rooms, children’s rooms, photocopy rooms, and classrooms. A3 Lending Materials As part of their mission to provide information resources to the community, public libraries allow users to borrow items from their collections for limited amounts of time.To be eligible to borrow public library materials, a user must register her or his name, address, and other basic information with the local library’s circulat...

• Ancient Greece.

  The first culture of Aegean civilization on the Greek mainland is named Mycenaean for the palace at Mycenae on the Pelopónnisos. Scholars call the Mycenaeans the“earliest Greeks” because they are the first people known to have spoken Greek. Mycenaean culture developed later than Minoan. The ancestors of the Mycenaean people wandered onto the mainland from the north and the east from about 4000 to2000 BC, mixing with the people already there, and by about 1400 BC the Mycenaeans had become very...

• Ancient Greece .

  The first culture of Aegean civilization on the Greek mainland is named Mycenaean for the palace at Mycenae on the Pelopónnisos. Scholars call the Mycenaeans the“earliest Greeks” because they are the first people known to have spoken Greek. Mycenaean culture developed later than Minoan. The ancestors of the Mycenaean people wandered onto the mainland from the north and the east from about 4000 to2000 BC, mixing with the people already there, and by about 1400 BC the Mycenaeans had become very...

• Ancient Greece - USA History.

  The first culture of Aegean civilization on the Greek mainland is named Mycenaean for the palace at Mycenae on the Pelopónnisos. Scholars call the Mycenaeans the“earliest Greeks” because they are the first people known to have spoken Greek. Mycenaean culture developed later than Minoan. The ancestors of the Mycenaean people wandered onto the mainland from the north and the east from about 4000 to2000 BC, mixing with the people already there, and by about 1400 BC the Mycenaeans had become very...

• Pornography.

  censorship. Congress passed 20 obscenity laws between 1842 and 1956, most of which were variations of or amendments to the original Comstock Law. Later, Congress passed aseries of antipornography and anti-indecency laws dealing with new forms of technology and with the protection of children. The Protection of Children Against SexualExploitation Act of 1977 prohibits anyone from employing or inducing a minor to participate in sexual conduct or in the making of pornography. In 1988 Congresspassed...

• Spain - country.

  B Natural Resources Spain has a number of mineral resources. The largest known deposits are of iron ore, zinc, and lead. Spain also produces significant quantities of copper and mercury.These deposits are mined mainly in Huelva province in southwestern Spain, around Cartagena on the Mediterranean, and at various points along the Bay of Biscay inthe north. Additionally, uranium is mined in the region of Extremadura, near the Portuguese frontier, where pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, tungsten, and po...

• Lebanon (country) - country.

  during the civil war. Within the country, thousands of Shia Muslim refugees fled fighting in southern Lebanon in the 1990s and moved into shantytowns in Beirut’ssouthern suburbs. Lebanon’s major cities were greatly affected by the civil war. Beirut has gradually regained most of its prewar population and remains the country’s largest city. Tripoli,the northern port, is the second largest city. Jūniyah, north of Beirut, was developed as a wartime port and subsequently had a population boom. Za ḩl...

• Griechenland - Geschichte.

  In den Bergregionen gibt es noch die Großraubtiere Braunbär, Wolf, Luchs und Goldschakal, andere bemerkenswerte Raubtiere sind Wildkatze, Fischotter und der imNordosten des Landes vorkommende Tigeriltis; im Mittelmeer lebt die stark gefährdete Mönchsrobbe. Auf den griechischen Inseln (und ausgesetzt auf dem Festland) lebendie den Steinböcken ähnlichen Bezoarziegen; weitere Paarhufer sind Gämsen, Rothirsche, Rehe und Wildschweine. Zur reichen Avifauna (Vogelwelt) gehören u. a. vier Geierarten (Ba...

• Griechenland - geographie.

  In den Bergregionen gibt es noch die Großraubtiere Braunbär, Wolf, Luchs und Goldschakal, andere bemerkenswerte Raubtiere sind Wildkatze, Fischotter und der imNordosten des Landes vorkommende Tigeriltis; im Mittelmeer lebt die stark gefährdete Mönchsrobbe. Auf den griechischen Inseln (und ausgesetzt auf dem Festland) lebendie den Steinböcken ähnlichen Bezoarziegen; weitere Paarhufer sind Gämsen, Rothirsche, Rehe und Wildschweine. Zur reichen Avifauna (Vogelwelt) gehören u. a. vier Geierarten (Ba...

• United Kingdom - country.

  B Natural Regions and Topography The island of Great Britain can be divided into two major natural regions—the highland zone and the lowland zone. The highland zone is an area of high hills andmountains in the north and west. The lowland zone in the south and east consists mostly of rolling plains. The zones are divided by an imaginary line running throughEngland from the River Exe on the southwest coast to the mouth of the River Tees on the northeast coast. The lowland zone has a milder climat...

• Woodrow Wilson.

  daughters. In 1885 Wilson also accepted a position with the newly opened Bryn Mawr College, a school for women near Philadelphia. Wilson was not particularly patient with womenas intellectual associates and did not enjoy his teaching duties. He was, however, able to pursue his writing. A University Professor In 1888 Wilson left Bryn Mawr for a professorship in history and political economy at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. There, in 1889, he published The State, a lengthy textbook analyz...

• Woodrow Wilson

  daughters. In 1885 Wilson also accepted a position with the newly opened Bryn Mawr College, a school for women near Philadelphia. Wilson was not particularly patient with womenas intellectual associates and did not enjoy his teaching duties. He was, however, able to pursue his writing. A University Professor In 1888 Wilson left Bryn Mawr for a professorship in history and political economy at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. There, in 1889, he published The State, a lengthy textbook analyz...