310 résultats pour "bornes"

• Arthurian Legend I INTRODUCTION King Arthur Legend and lore surround the life of Arthur, a medieval king of the Britons.

  Merlin and ArthurIn the tales of Arthurian legend, Merlin is an aged magician who helps bring King Arthur to power. Some authors alsodescribe Merlin as the young king’s tutor.Corbis Arthur is conceived when King Uther Pendragon falls in love with a married woman, Ygraine, and arranges for the magician Merlin to transform him into the likeness ofYgraine's husband. The husband, Gorlois, dies in battle, and Arthur's parents marry soon thereafter. Arthur Receiving ExcaliburAccording to legend, soon...

• électriques, mesures 1 PRÉSENTATION électriques, mesures, instruments servant à mesurer des grandeurs électriques, telles que l'intensité, la charge, la tension, la puissance, ainsi que les caractéristiques électriques des circuits, comme la résistance, la capacitance et l'inductance.

  5. 4 Ampèremètres à ailettes L'ampèremètre à ailettes, ou à fer doux, est une autre variante où deux ailettes de fer doux, l'une fixe et l'autre mobile autour d'un axe, sont placées entre les pôles d'une longue bobine cylindrique (solénoïde), dans laquelle passe le courant à déterminer. Le courant induit un champ magnétique dans les deux ailettes, ce qui provoque une déviation constante quelle que soit la direction du courant. La déviation de l'ailette mobile permet de déterminer l'intensité du...

• Le mot "infini" dans l'oeuvre de René DESCARTES

  LE MONDE OU TRAITÉ DE LA LUMIERE, Chapitre III, De la dureté et la liquidité. Je ne veux point déterminer si leur nombre est infini ou non ; LE MONDE OU TRAITÉ DE LA LUMIERE, CHAPITRE VI, Description d'un nouveau monde ; et des qualités de la matière dont il est composé. Les philosophes nous disent que ces espaces sont infinis et ils doivent bien en être crus puisque ce sont eux-mêmes qui les ontfaits. Ainsi, encore que notre imagination semble se pouvoir étendre à infini et que...

• From "Song of Myself" - anthology.

  Till that becomes unseen and receives proof in its turn.Showing the best and dividing it from the worst age vexes age,Knowing the perfect fitness and equanimity of things, while they discuss I am silent, and go bathe and admire myself.Welcome is every organ and attribute of me, and of any man hearty and clean,Not an inch nor a particle of an inch is vile, and none shall be less familiar than the rest.I am satisfied—I see, dance, laugh, sing;As the hugging and loving bed-fellow sleeps at my side...

• Jakarta - geography.

  voluntary movement of families to Indonesia's less populated islands). Jakarta is a magnet for migrants from other areas of Indonesia; during the late 1980s an estimated 250 migrants arrived daily. Most were between the ages of 15 and39 years, many with six years of education or less. There is also a significant number of commuters and seasonal migrants who work in government, manufacturing,and services. In addition, many of these temporary residents are engaged in informal employment as drivers...

• New York (city) - geography.

  Concourse are particularly prized, because the apartment buildings are well kept and the public parks are easily accessible. City Island retains the charm of a small fishingvillage. Parts of the Bronx, however, fell victim to decay and abandonment, especially between 1970 and 1980, when the population of the borough fell by 20 percent. The low pointoccurred in 1976, when future U.S. president Jimmy Carter compared the South Bronx to the bombed-out German city of Dresden after World War II (1939-...

• Koala - biology.

  V REPRODUCTION Female koalas become sexually mature around 18 to 24 months of age. They can produce one offspring a year until they reach about 13 years of age. Males begin toproduce sperm around age 2 and, in the absence of older, stronger males, they may breed at that young age. More often, however, a male must grow big enough tocompete with other males for females, and mating generally begins for males at about 4 years of age. The breeding season for koalas is from October to May, during the...

• Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901).

  homesteaders against pressure from the powerful railroads. He fought vigorously for Civil War veterans, supported high taxes on imports (called tariffs), payments todisabled and opposed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped Chinese immigration to the U.S. for 10 years ( see Immigration: From 1840 to 1900 ). He also introduced 101 special pension and relief bills in six years. Harrison's name was well known by the Republican National Convention in 1884. In spite of this, Congressman and forme...

• Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901) - Histoire

  homesteaders against pressure from the powerful railroads. He fought vigorously for Civil War veterans, supported high taxes on imports (called tariffs), payments todisabled and opposed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped Chinese immigration to the U.S. for 10 years ( see Immigration: From 1840 to 1900 ). He also introduced 101 special pension and relief bills in six years. Harrison's name was well known by the Republican National Convention in 1884. In spite of this, Congressman and forme...

• Cheetah - biology.

  animals such as zebras. Unlike most cats, cheetahs hunt during the day, when lions and hyenas that compete with them for prey are less likely to be active. Still,scientists in Tanzania have observed that cheetahs lose 10 to 13 percent of their kills to lions and hyenas. Alerted by the panic of a gazelle herd or by the circling ofvultures, lions and hyenas close in and easily drive the more timid cheetah away from a fresh kill. A cheetah usually stalks prey to within about 10 m (about 33 ft) and...

• Heredity - biology.

  allele from the mother and a mutated allele from the father. In both of these cases, the child will be a carrier. The child develops the disease only if he or she receives amutated allele from each parent. When both parents are carriers, there is a 25 percent chance that a child will be disease-free, a 25 percent chance that it will have thedisease, and a 50 percent chance that it will be a carrier. Examples of genetic diseases that follow the dominant-recessive pattern include sickle-cell anemi...

• Jimmy Carter.

  B Election of 1976 Carter apparently decided as early as 1972, halfway through his four-year term as governor, that he would seek the presidency of the United States. Soon after the1972 election, his campaign manager drew up a detailed campaign strategy. Carter followed the plan closely, beginning an exhausting schedule of campaigning as soonas his gubernatorial term ended. When Carter formally announced in January 1975 that he was a candidate for president, he had almost no national reputation...

• Jimmy Carter

  B Election of 1976 Carter apparently decided as early as 1972, halfway through his four-year term as governor, that he would seek the presidency of the United States. Soon after the1972 election, his campaign manager drew up a detailed campaign strategy. Carter followed the plan closely, beginning an exhausting schedule of campaigning as soonas his gubernatorial term ended. When Carter formally announced in January 1975 that he was a candidate for president, he had almost no national reputation...

• Michelangelo I INTRODUCTION Michelangelo (1475-1564), Italian painter, sculptor, architect, and poet whose artistic accomplishments exerted a tremendous influence on his contemporaries and on subsequent European art.

  (17 ft) tall, was carved from a block of stone that another sculptor had left unfinished. Michelangelo drew on the classical tradition in depicting David as a nude,standing with his weight on one leg, the other leg at rest ( see contrapposto). This pose suggests impending movement, and the entire sculpture shows tense waiting, as David sizes up his enemy and considers his course of action. While David reveals Michelangelo's expert knowledge of anatomy (he had been dissecting corpses for about...

• Michelangelo.

  (17 ft) tall, was carved from a block of stone that another sculptor had left unfinished. Michelangelo drew on the classical tradition in depicting David as a nude,standing with his weight on one leg, the other leg at rest ( see contrapposto). This pose suggests impending movement, and the entire sculpture shows tense waiting, as David sizes up his enemy and considers his course of action. While David reveals Michelangelo's expert knowledge of anatomy (he had been dissecting corpses for about...

• Abortion.

  Intact dilation and extraction, also referred to as a partial birth abortion, consists of partially removing the fetus from the uterus through the vaginal canal, feet first,and using suction to remove the brain and spinal fluid from the skull. The skull is then collapsed to allow complete removal of the fetus from the uterus. III SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES Abortion has become one of the most widely debated ethical issues of our time. On one side are pro-choice supporters—individuals who favor a...

• The Souls of Black Folk by W.

  in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his two-ness,—an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in onedark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder. The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife—this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. Inthis merging he wishes neither of the older selves to be lost. He would not Africanize America, f...

• Comte, Isidore-Auguste-Marie-François-Xavier

  1 Life Auguste Comte was born in Montpellier, France. He attended the École Polytechnique, from which he was expelled in 1816, for political reasons. Comte's main concern throughout his life was resolving the political, social and moral problems caused by the French Revolution. To that end, he embarked upon an encyclopedic work, which he first conceived under the inspiration of Henri de Saint-Simon , for whom he worked as secretary from 1817 to 1824. At that time, he proposed several pla...

• Inca Empire.

  The Incas’ public works were built through a labor tax known as mit’a. This tax required most people incorporated into the Inca Empire to provide labor for public worksduring certain portions of each year. This labor tax supported large-scale public works that required the marshalling of large labor forces, such as for the building offorts, roads, and bridges, or the mining of metals and gems. It also allowed the emperor to raise large armies to undertake wars of conquest. Road building was impo...

• Inca Empire - History.

  The Incas’ public works were built through a labor tax known as mit’a. This tax required most people incorporated into the Inca Empire to provide labor for public worksduring certain portions of each year. This labor tax supported large-scale public works that required the marshalling of large labor forces, such as for the building offorts, roads, and bridges, or the mining of metals and gems. It also allowed the emperor to raise large armies to undertake wars of conquest. Road building was impo...

• Greek Mythology I INTRODUCTION Temple of Apollo at Didyma The Greeks built the Temple of Apollo at Didyma, Turkey (about 300 bc).

  A1 The Creation of the Gods According to Greek myths about creation, the god Chaos (Greek for “Gaping Void”) was the foundation of all things. From Chaos came Gaea (“Earth”); the bottomlessdepth of the underworld, known as Tartarus; and Eros (“Love”). Eros, the god of love, was needed to draw divinities together so they might produce offspring. Chaosproduced Night, while Gaea first bore Uranus, the god of the heavens, and after him produced the mountains, sea, and gods known as Titans. The Tita...

• Bahrain - country.

  A Religion Almost all Bahrainis and the majority of nonnatives are followers of Islam (Muslims). About 70 percent of all native Bahrainis belong to the Shia branch of Islam, whilethe remainder, including the ruling al-Khalifa clan, are adherents of the Sunni branch. Non-Muslims, including Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, and Jews, account for 15percent of the total population. High unemployment among the Shia population has caused considerable discontent on the part of this group toward the Sunni...

• Detroit - geography.

  of German and Irish immigrants. In the first half of the 20th century, the percentage of foreign-born residents declined, even though many immigrants arrived fromeastern Europe. During World War II (1939-1945), both whites and blacks were attracted from the South to work in the city’s defense industries. In 1950 foreign-bornand black residents each made up about 16 percent of the total population. In the five decades after 1950, the city lost almost half of its population, as many white resident...

• Blacks in Latin America.

  Throughout Latin America and the Caribbean the slave population declined at the astonishing rate of 2 to 4 percent a year; thus, by the time slavery was abolished, theoverall slave population in many places was far less than the total number of slaves imported. The British colony of Jamaica, for example, imported more than 600,000slaves during the 18th century; yet, in 1838, the slave population numbered little more than 300,000. The French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti)imported mo...

• Greek Mythology.

  world in search of her; as a result, fertility left the earth. Zeus commanded Hades to release Persephone, but Hades had cunningly given her a pomegranate seed toeat. Having consumed food from the underworld, Persephone was obliged to return below the earth for part of each year. Her return from the underworld each yearmeant the revival of nature and the beginning of spring. This myth was told especially in connection with the Eleusinian Mysteries, sacred rituals observed in the Greektown of Ele...

• française, littérature.

  Les romans courtois — nés sous l’influence de la poésie des troubadours chantant la fin’amor — proposent une nouvelle vision des relations sociales, fondées sur le respect que le chevalier doit à son seigneur et à sa Dame (le « service d’amour »). Les premiers textes qui s’inscrivent dans le cycle arthurien — relatant les hauts faits du roi légendaire Arthur et de ses chevaliers — apparaissent vers le XIe siècle, c’est-à-dire à une époque antérieure à la courtoisie. La légende d’Arthur ne ce...

• Finland - country.

  Productive forestland is the most valuable natural resource of Finland. Spruce, pine, and silver birch are the principal trees used to manufacture wood and pulp andpaper products. Finland lacks coal and petroleum resources and is a net importer of energy resources. However, Finland does have significant deposits of peat, which is cut from thenumerous peat bogs that cover much of the north. Peat is an important heat source for homes, and it provides about 7 percent of Finland’s electricity needs....

• Bacteria - biology.

  A2 b Bacterial Killers Some dramatic infectious diseases result from exposure to bacteria that are not part of our normal bacterial community. Cholera, one of the world’s deadliest diseasestoday, is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . Cholera is spread in water and food contaminated with the bacteria, and by people who have the disease. After entering the body, the cholera bacteria grow in the intestines, often along the surface of the intestinal wall, where they secrete a toxin (poiso...

• Woodrow Wilson.

  daughters. In 1885 Wilson also accepted a position with the newly opened Bryn Mawr College, a school for women near Philadelphia. Wilson was not particularly patient with womenas intellectual associates and did not enjoy his teaching duties. He was, however, able to pursue his writing. A University Professor In 1888 Wilson left Bryn Mawr for a professorship in history and political economy at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. There, in 1889, he published The State, a lengthy textbook analyz...

• Woodrow Wilson

  daughters. In 1885 Wilson also accepted a position with the newly opened Bryn Mawr College, a school for women near Philadelphia. Wilson was not particularly patient with womenas intellectual associates and did not enjoy his teaching duties. He was, however, able to pursue his writing. A University Professor In 1888 Wilson left Bryn Mawr for a professorship in history and political economy at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. There, in 1889, he published The State, a lengthy textbook analyz...

• Evolution - biology.

  genetic diversity to extinction. Sexual reproduction ensures that the genes in a population are rearranged in each generation, a process termed recombination. Although the combinations of genes inindividuals change with each new generation, the gene frequency, or ratio of different alleles in the entire population, remains relatively constant if no evolutionaryforces act on the population. One such force is the introduction of new genes into the genetic material of the population, or gene pool...

• Italy - country.

  C Natural Resources Italy is poor in natural resources. Much of the land is unsuitable for agriculture because of mountainous terrain or unfavorable climate. Italy, moreover, lacks substantialdeposits of basic natural resources such as coal, iron, and petroleum. Natural gas is the country’s most important mineral resource. Other deposits include feldspar andpumice. Many of Italy’s mineral deposits on the islands of Sicily and Sardinia had been heavily depleted by the early 1990s. Italy is rich...

• Max Born

• BERTRAN DE BORN

• Alain Borne

• Born again. Il en est du Canada comme des chrétiens fondamentalistes: il est "né à nouveau" le 17 avril 1982...

  Born again. Il en est du Canada comme des chrétiens fondamentalistes: il est "né à nouveau" le 17 avril 1982 avec la proclamation de la nouvelle loi constitutionnelle. Mais il faut se rendre à l'évidence: la situation économique, toujours aussi dépendante de celle des États-Unis (70% des échanges commerciaux), n'est guère reluisante. Alsands, le joyau des mégaprojets énergétiques - pétrole synthétique - en Alberta, dans l'Ouest du pays, devait rapporter des milliards de dollars et créer au moins...

• « Plaisante justice qu'une rivière borne ! Vérité au-deçà des Pyrénées, erreur au-delà. » Blaise Pascal, Pensées

  372 / Vérité (et justice) • 75 Vérité au-deçà des Pyrénées, erreur au-delà. 1 · · . Blaise Pascal , ► Dans le livre inachevé dont les brouillons allaient constituer les Pensées, Pascal (1623-1662) tend à rabaisser l'homme pour mieux faire ressortir la puis­ sance de Dieu. Cette phrase se situe dans un fragment (numéro 230 dans l'édition Chevalier en Pléiade) où, dans cet esprit, il veut faire comprendre que l'homme est incapable de savoir...

• L'Âge d'or n'est pas pour demain AYI K WEI ARMAH Édition anglaise, The beautiful ones are not yet born, Boston,...

  L'Âge d'or n'est pas pour demain AYI K WEI ARMAH Édition anglaise, The beautiful ones are not yet born, Boston, 1968. Édition française: Pré sence Africaine, 1976. Ce roman est sans doute le plus extraordinaire pamphlet qu'on puisse lire sur une certaine Afrique contemporaine, en même temps qu'un bouleversant plaidoyer pour les faibles. C'est aussi - tant il est riche et puissant - l'un des romans évoqués dans cet ouvrage qui souffre le plus d'être si brièvement résumé. Les chapitres I à IV déc...

• La sagesse consiste-t-elle à savoir davantage pour pouvoir davantage et conquérir la nature ; ou bien à maîtriser et à borner ses désirs afin de réduire au minimum la dépendance où nous nous trouvons par rapport aux choses ?

  incapable d'assurer les conditions morales du bonheur.Il ne faudrait d'ailleurs pas l'estimer capable de combler les désirs de l'homme dans le domaine matériel lui-même.Regardons autour de nous. Celui qui a amassé une grosse fortune n'est pas rassasié pour autant : il lui faut assurerpar de nouveaux gains le train de vie auquel il est habitué ; il aspire surtout à développer ses affaires, à lancer denouvelles entreprises, à absorber les firmes concurrentes dont l'existence même lui porte o...

• La sagesse consiste-t-elle à savoir davantage pour pouvoir davantage et conquérir la nature; ou bien à maîtriser et à borner ses désirs afin de réduire au minimum la dépendance où nous nous trouvons par rapport aux choses ?

  méritent, c'est par la fidélité au devoir, le dévouement et l'oubli de soi, bref, par la renonciation à ses désirs; la joiede la conscience n'est que la réponse de l'effort consenti pour faire face à ses obligations, la science est doncincapable d'assurer les conditions morales du bonheur.Il ne faudrait d'ailleurs pas l'estimer capable de combler les désirs de l'homme dans le domaine matériel lui-même.Regardons autour de nous. Celui qui a amassé une grosse fortune n'est pas rassasié pour autant...

• treillis.

• Le Grand Espoir du XXe siècle, Jean Fourastié

  B. Des résistances • Le poids de la tradition et de la hiérarchie. • La volonté de certains de limiter 1 'initiative à une élite formée pour cette fonction. • Quel est le sens du mot «initiative» dans des tâches particulièrement ingrates ou répétitives ? • Tout le monde n'a pas l'envie ou les capacités de prendre des initiatives (d'où le rôle essentiel de la for­ mation). Deuxième partie : est-ce un idéal? A. Dangers d'un travail qui se «...

• Victor Hugo, disait, en parlant de la France dans son discours de réception à l'Académie française, le 2 juin 1841 : « Outre ses frontières visibles, la grande nation a des frontières invisibles qui ne s'arrêtent qu'aux bornes mêmes du monde civilisé. » Expliquez cette parole de Victor Hugo.

  a toujours marche en avant, porteuse de Flambeau, sans parfois meme se soucier assez de sa securite personnelle. De tout temps elle a ete la semeuse d'ideal. Du Moyen Age aux temps modernes, des Croisades a la guerre de 1914, elle n'a jamais cesse de faire prevaloir les idees de justice, de gene- rosite, d'enthousiasme et de liberte. Elle a protégé les faibles et lutte pour les opprimes, n'est-ce pas la plus noble des influences morales? ses frontieres invisibles ne rayonnent-elles pas ainsi plu...

• Mme de Staël écrit (De la Littérature): « Ce que l'homme a fait de plus grand, il le doit au sentiment de l'incomplet de sa destinée. Les esprits médiocres sont, en général, assez satisfaits de la vie commune... mais le sublime de l'esprit, des sentiments et des actions doit son essor au besoin d'échapper aux bornes qui circonscrivent l'imagination. » Expliquer et discuter ce jugement en l'illustrant par des exemples.

  artistes. C'est pour répondre à un besoin d'infini, pour donner un sens à sa destinée, un fondement à sa conduite,que l'homme a formé des systèmes religieux ou métaphysiques, concevant un être infini parce qu'il est lui-même fini,une vie éternelle parce qu'il ne peut accepter d'être mortel, une providence et des fins dernières parce qu'il ne saitd'où il vient, ni où il va. La méditation de Pascal entre les deux infinis illustre admirablement cet effort del'imagination pour dépasser les...

• Hegel: le tableau des passions

  effet de leur enlever leur intensité et de nous les rendre extérieurs, plus ou moins étrangers . » HEGEL ARTICULATION FORMELLE DU TEXTE « En se bornant à ( ... ), alors même que ( ... ) le fa it pour ( .. . ) pour ( ... ). C'est en cela que consiste ( ... ) car ( ... )comme si ( ... ) et lui confère de ce fait (. .. ). Sous ce rapport ( ... ). Les passions perdent de leur force du fait même que ( ... ). L'ob jectivation des sentiments ajustem...

• y'a-t-il des limites à la liberté de penser?

  Descartes dit « je pense donc je suis » -> la seule certitude que l'auteur peut avoir c'est d'être car il pense. Nous pouvons donc dire que penser est un mécanisme bien humain. Certain chercheur assurent ainsi que l'homme est une espèce qui se démarque des autres car elle pense. Penser est un mécanisme qui rythme notre vie, qui rappelle ce que nous sommes, pour faire avancer le monde et l'esprit d'une collectivité qui est la nôtre. Florent Pagny ->  « Ma liberté de penser » -> Musique de masse :...

• Peut-on dire qu'il existe une culture technique ?

  Il existe une culture technique - le progrès cartésienDans la sixième partie du « Discours de la méthode » (1637), Descartesmet au jour un projet dont nous sommes les héritiers. Il s'agit depromouvoir une nouvelle conception de la science, de la technique etde leurs rapports, apte à nous rendre « comme maître et possesseursde la nature ». Descartes n'inaugure pas seulement l'ère du mécanisme,mais aussi celle du machinisme, de la domination technicienne dumonde.Si Descartes marque une...

• La loi est-elle un obstacle à la liberté ?

  du côté de l’animal, il agit spontan ément sans une r éflexion la validant 2 ° c’est la nature   m ême de la loi qui est tordue, elle devient un instrument de puissance et non plus d’ égalit é   et d’universalit é. 2/                 la loi est aussi le meilleur moyen pour garantir  à tous l’effectuation d’une libert é réelle   qui comprend une forme de s écurit é. Cette s écurit é apport ée par la loi est alors le premier   moment du d éveloppement de soi, la loi n’est plus un obstacle ell...

• Un droit sans limites est-il encore un droit ?

  interdit. Si tout est autorisé, alors le droit n'existe plus. Droit et limite sont donc intimement liés. C'est ce qu'affirmeAlain : « Or, on comprend pourtant bien qu'il n'y a pas de droit sans limites ; cela n'est pas possible, à moins quel'on ne se place dans l'état de liberté et de guerre, où l'on peut bien dire que l'on se donne tous les droits, mais où,aussi, l'on ne possède que ceux que l'on peut maintenir par sa propre force. » Pour le philosophe, le droit sans limiteest un droit du plus...

• L'art peut-il ne viser que l'éphémère ?

  œuvre ? Oui, dans la mesure où cet événement est opération, c'est-à-dire où ce qui advient – le feu d'artifice, ladanse, tout ce qui est happening – suppose un ouvrier, l'exécutant lui-même, le spectateur qui est acteur, parfoisun maître d'œuvre. Sans doute, l'œuvre improvisée ne laisse pas de traces, sinon dans la mémoire desparticipants ; mais la vérité de l'œuvre est dans l'expérience de sa présence, et non dans ce qui rend cetteexpérience répétable, dans toutes les techniques,...