549 résultats pour "effectivement"
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Greenhouse Effect.
addition, humans cut down huge tracts of trees for lumber or to clear land for farming or building. This process, known as deforestation, can both release the carbonstored in trees and significantly reduce the number of trees available to absorb carbon dioxide. As a result of these human activities, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is accumulating faster than Earth’s natural processes can absorb the gas. By analyzing airbubbles trapped in glacier ice that is many centuries old, scientists have d...
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Qu'appelle-t-on le taux effectif global ?
ce soit dans l'octroi du prêt même si ces frais, com missions ou rémunérations correspondent à des dépenses réelles. Cette défi nition complexe de la loi recouvre une réalité simple : ainsi, sont indus dans le taux effectif global les intérêts débiteurs d'un découvert, le coût de l'assurance liée à votre prêt, la commission sur le plus fort découvert et la prise de garanties. Toutefois, les charges liées aux garanties que...
- Citations avec effectivement, adverbe
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Hegel, Principes de la philosophie du droit, La vie éthique § 260, Vrin, p. 264 : L'État réalité effective de la liberté
Textes commentés 47 Ce texte de Hegel analyse exclusivement l'État moderne (lignes l à 14), il affirme et montre que l'État moderne est la « réalité effective de la liberté concrète». Chacun de ces termes mérite une analyse. L'expression «réalité effective » est la traduction du terme allemand « Wirklichkeit » qui signifie l'action de réaliser et d'effectuer ; ce terme contrairement au terme français de réalité qui, à travers le mot latin res re...
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HEGEL: L'État est la réalité effective de la liberte concrête
HEGEL (Friedrich-Georg-Wilhelm). Né à Stuttgart en 1770, mort à Berlin en 1831. Il fit des études de théologie et de philosophie à Tübingen, où il eut pour condisciples Hölderlin et Schelling. Il futprécepteur à Berne de 1793 à 1796, puis à Francfort de 1797 à 1800. En 1801, il devient privat-dozent à l'Universitéd'Iéna puis, les événements militaires interrompirent son enseigne- ment, et il rédigea une gazette de province. En1808, il fut nommé proviseur et professeur de philosophie au lycée...
- La volonté qui ne se décide pas n'est pas une volonté effective.
- Dictionnaire en ligne: EFFECTION, substantif féminin.
- Nous est-il si facile de distinguer entre se croire libre et être effectivement libre ?
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Nous est-il si facile de distinguer entre se croire libre et être effectivement libre ?
"Mais venons-en aux choses créées qui, toutes, sont déterminées àexister et à agir selon une manière précise et déterminée. Pour lecomprendre clairement, prenons un exemple très simple. Une pierrereçoit d'une cause extérieure qui la pousse une certaine quantité demouvement, par laquelle elle continuera nécessairement de semouvoir après l'arrêt de l'impulsion externe.Concevez maintenant, si vous voulez bien, que la pierre, tandis qu'ellecontinue de se mouvoir, sache et pense qu'elle fait...
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Dictionnaire en ligne:
EFFECTIF1, -IVE, adjectif.
RENÉ HUYGHE, Dialogue avec le visible, 1955, page 242. a) Emploi comme substantif. Une confusion entre le notionnel et l'effectif (VLADIMIR JANKÉLÉVITCH, Le Je-ne-sais-quoi et le presque-rien, 1957, page 172 ). b) Il est effectif que. Il est conforme à la réalité, il est certain que. Synonyme : effectivement, réellement. Il est effectif, monsieur, que je suis très susceptible de confondre Arbois de Carthage avec Proclès de Jubainville (PIERRE BENOÎT, L'Atlantide, 1919, page 131 ). DÉRIVÉS : Eff...
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statistiques - mathématiques.
nombre de notes inférieures ou égales à une valeur donnée, où les notes sont indiquées sur l’axe horizontal tandis que le nombre cumulé des notes est reporté sur l’axe des ordonnées. À droite de cet axe est précisé le pourcentage correspondant par rapport à l’effectif total. Chaque point du graphique représente, par conséquent, le nombre ou le pourcentage d’élèves qui ont obtenu une note inférieure ou égale à une valeur donnée. Ainsi, le point A correspond au nombre de notes inférieures ou égale...
- Le Corbusier Le Corbusier, professional name of Charles Édouard Jeanneret (1887-1965), Swiss-French architect, painter, and writer, who had a major effect on the development of modern architecture.
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Drug Dependence.
these drugs develops rapidly, no withdrawal syndrome is apparent when they are discontinued. Phencyclidine, or PCP, known popularly by such names as “angel dust” and “rocket fuel,” has no medical purpose for humans but is occasionally used by veterinarians asan anesthetic and sedative for animals. It became a common drug of abuse in the late 1970s, and is considered a menace because it can easily be synthesized. Itseffects differ from those of other hallucinogens. LSD, for example, produces deta...
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Antibiotics.
In some species of bacteria the cell wall consists primarily of a thick layer of peptidoglycan. Other species have a much thinner layer of peptidoglycan and an outer aswell as an inner membrane. When bacteria are subjected to Gram's stain, these differences in structure affect the differential staining of the bacteria with a dye calledgentian violet. The differences in staining coloration (gram-positive bacteria appear purple and gram-negative bacteria appear colorless or reddish, depending on t...
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Birth Control.
without a prescription and used alone or with a condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap. Spermicides used alone must be inserted deep into the vagina before each act ofintercourse and a woman should not douche for six to eight hours after intercourse. With typical use, spermicides used alone are effective in preventing pregnancyabout 74 percent of the time. They may cause an allergic reaction such as irritation of the vagina or penis. B Intrauterine Device The intrauterine device (IUD) is a small pl...
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Schizophrenia.
alcohol than other people. The use of alcohol and drugs often worsens the symptoms of schizophrenia, resulting in relapses and hospitalizations. IV CAUSES Schizophrenia appears to result not from a single cause, but from a variety of factors. Most scientists believe that schizophrenia is a biological disease caused by geneticfactors, an imbalance of chemicals in the brain, structural brain abnormalities, or abnormalities in the prenatal environment. In addition, stressful life events maycontri...
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Malaria.
last long and is unlikely to be fatal. Infants and children are especially vulnerable to malaria because they have not yet built up immunity to the parasite. Some peoplehave genetic traits that help them resist malaria. Sickle-cell anemia and thalassemia, for example, are inherited blood disorders linked to malaria resistance. Travelers who lack immunity to malaria should take precautionary measures when visiting areas where the disease is prevalent. Such measures include using insectrepellents,...
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Aerospace Medicine - astronomy.
medically as aeroembolism and popularly as the bends, leads to confusion, paralysis, or neurocirculatory collapse. The most characteristic symptoms of the bends arepain in the large joints resulting from pressure of the gas on tendons and nerves, together with spasm of the blood vessels. Preflight inhalation of pure oxygen toeliminate nitrogen from the system has proved valuable as a preventive measure. Rapid decompression, resulting from accidental failure at high altitudes of thepressure withi...
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Leukemia.
leukemia, and normal or mildly decreased in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nearly all chronic leukemia patients have increased white cell counts. In chronic myelocyticleukemia, some of these leukemic white cells are capable of functioning as normal cells do by fighting infectious microbes. Hence, infection is no more common than in ahealthy individual. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia the blood contains large numbers of malignant lymphocytes that do not function normally. Normal lymphocytescoexist...
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Influenza.
days and disappear in seven to ten days. However, coughing and fatigue may persist for two or more weeks. Death from influenza itself is rare. But influenza can aggravate underlying medical conditions, such as heart or lung disease. Invading influenza viruses produceinflammation in the lining of the respiratory tract, damage that increases the risk that secondary infections will develop. Common complications include bronchitis,sinusitis, and bacterial pneumonia, occurring most frequently in olde...
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TD Cours Math-SES Corrigé et compléments Courbe de Lorenz
2 En math, on demandera souvent la valeur de l’écart interquartile : Q3 -Q1 = 36000 -16000 = 20000 € Interprétation : l’écart des revenus annuels disponibles des ménages entre les 25 % les plus riches et les 25% les plus pauvres est supérieur à 20 000 €. En SES , on demandera plutôt les rapports interdéciles...
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Geologie
nous allons revenir, le commun des mortels non spécialiste ou même le scientifique pressé ne peuvent qu’opiner du chef et conclure : « Ce que le GIEC appelle « l’effet de serre » ou plutôt « le forçage radiatif » dû au Gaz à effet de serre (GES) existe ». Si je fais ce distinguo entre ces deux, termes, c’est qu’il y a déjà ici une première confusion. Dans une serre (en verre) ce n’est pas (ou si peu) « le piégeage » des rayonnements à ondes longues (IR) par le verre de la...
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Geologie
nous allons revenir, le commun des mortels non spécialiste ou même le scientifique pressé ne peuvent qu’opiner du chef et conclure : « Ce que le GIEC appelle « l’effet de serre » ou plutôt « le forçage radiatif » dû au Gaz à effet de serre (GES) existe ». Si je fais ce distinguo entre ces deux, termes, c’est qu’il y a déjà ici une première confusion. Dans une serre (en verre) ce n’est pas (ou si peu) « le piégeage » des rayonnements à ondes longues (IR) par le verre de la...
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Conservation.
cancers, Hodgkin’s disease and leukemia. Unfortunately, human activities have greatly reduced biodiversity around the world. The 20th century encompasses one of the greatest waves of extinction, orelimination of species, to occur on the planet. The greatest threat to biodiversity is loss of habitat as humans develop land for agriculture, grazing livestock, industry,and habitation. The most drastic damage has occurred in the tropical rain forests, which cover less than seven percent of the Earth’...
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Drug.
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INTRODUCTION
Drug, substance that affects the function of living cells, used
normalizing chemical activity in the emotional centers of the brain. Antianxiety drugs, also referred to as tranquilizers, treat anxiety by decreasing the activity in theanxiety centers of the brain. Sedative-hypnotic drugs are used both as sedatives to reduce anxiety and as hypnotics to induce sleep. Sedative-hypnotic drugs act by reducing brain-cell activity.Stimulant drugs, on the other hand, increase neuronal (nerve cell) activity and reduce fatigue and appetite. Analgesic drugs reduce pain...
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COMMENTAIRE D'ARRET CIJ AFFAIRE NOTTEBOHM
ne peut avoir pour effet d'attribuer à un individu la nationalité de l'État auquel il se rattacherait par des liens effectifs, si la législation de cet État ne reconnaît pas cetindividu comme son national. Un tel effet positif de la règle de l'effectivité serait en effet contraire à la règle toujours bien établie que chaque État déterminelibrement quels sont ses nationaux.Avant comme après l'arrêt Nottebohm, un important chapelet de décisions des juridictions internationales, s'égrenant de la se...
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Earthquake.
III CAUSES Most earthquakes are caused by the sudden slip along geologic faults. The faults slip because of movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates. This concept is called theelastic rebound theory. The rocky tectonic plates move very slowly, floating on top of a weaker rocky layer. As the plates collide with each other or slide past eachother, pressure builds up within the rocky crust. Earthquakes occur when pressure within the crust increases slowly over hundreds of years and finally exceeds...
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Depression (psychology).
IV CAUSES Some depressions seem to come out of the blue, even when things are going well. Others seem to have an obvious cause: a marital conflict, financial difficulty, or somepersonal failure. Yet many people with these problems do not become deeply depressed. Most psychologists believe depression results from an interaction betweenstressful life events and a person’s biological and psychological vulnerabilities. A Biological Factors Depression runs in families. By studying twins, researche...
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Physical Chemistry - chemistry.
by the system in the form of the flow of electrical currents, formation of surfaces and changes in surface tension, changes in volume or pressure, and formation ordisappearance of chemical species. B Chemical Kinetics This field studies the rates of chemical processes as a function of the concentration of the reacting species, of the products of the reaction, of catalysts and inhibitors, ofvarious solvent media, of temperature, and of all other variables that can affect the reaction rate. It is...
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Human Disease.
disease can be transmitted through food infected with mutated proteins. B Spread of Infectious Disease Some pathogens are spread from one person to another by direct contact. They leave the first person through body openings, mucous membranes, and skin wounds,and they enter the second person through similar channels. For example, the viruses that cause respiratory diseases such as influenza and the common cold are spreadin moisture droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. A hand that...
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Air Pollution.
Several pollutants attack the ozone layer. Chief among them is the class of chemicals known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), formerly used as refrigerants (notably in airconditioners), as agents in several manufacturing processes, and as propellants in spray cans. CFC molecules are virtually indestructible until they reach thestratosphere. Here, intense ultraviolet radiation breaks the CFC molecules apart, releasing the chlorine atoms they contain. These chlorine atoms begin reacting withozone, br...
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Anxiety.
A Genetics and Neurobiology Studies suggest that anxiety disorders run in families. That is, children and close relatives of people with disorders are more likely than most to develop anxietydisorders. Some people may inherit genes that make them particularly vulnerable to anxiety. These genes do not necessarily cause people to be anxious, but the genesmay increase the risk of anxiety disorders when certain psychological and social factors are also present. Anxiety also appears to be related to...
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- Nous avons effectivement recours à la parole pour renoncer à la violence.
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Article de presse: Enquête sur l'OAS
constituent assurément l'élément le plus solide de l'OAS, celui dont les activités sont les plus redoutables. On comptait, à Algerseulement, en septembre, une trentaine d'équipes de ce genre, d'un effectif total de l'ordre de deux cents hommes, chacune étantdésignée par une appellation allant de " Delta 1 " à " Delta 30 ". C'est au dispositif " Delta " qu'étaient imputés les attentats àl'explosif et les assassinats commis par l'OAS dans la ville. A en croire l'OAS, le recrutement s'effectue s...
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Hormone.
women is called a follicle-stimulating hormone. When a follicle-stimulating hormone binds to an ovary cell, it stimulates the enzymes needed for the synthesis ofestradiol, a female sex hormone. Another gonadotropin called luteinizing hormone regulates the production of eggs in women and the production of the male sexhormone testosterone. Produced in the male gonads, or testes, testosterone regulates changes to the male body during puberty, influences sexual behavior, and playsa role in growth. T...
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Sleep - biology.
V FUNCTIONS OF SLEEP Although no one knows for sure why we sleep, there are a number of theories. Sleep may have evolved to protect animals from their predators by reducing theiractivity during the times when they are most vulnerable. Research has shown that REM and NREM sleep may serve specific biological functions. Sleep deprivation studies reveal that humans and other animals respond to sleeploss in the same way. When study subjects are deprived of REM sleep, they tend to spend longer period...
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Pornography.
censorship. Congress passed 20 obscenity laws between 1842 and 1956, most of which were variations of or amendments to the original Comstock Law. Later, Congress passed aseries of antipornography and anti-indecency laws dealing with new forms of technology and with the protection of children. The Protection of Children Against SexualExploitation Act of 1977 prohibits anyone from employing or inducing a minor to participate in sexual conduct or in the making of pornography. In 1988 Congresspassed...
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Situations de Sartre: New-York
York. Mais au contraire, si comme Sartre l'explique, on éduque son regard, on observe un changement progressif de l'usage despronoms personnels.« J'aime New York. J'ai appris à l'aimer. Je me suis habitué à ses ensembles massifs, à ses grandes perspectives. » (Premierparagraphe)« J'ai appris à aimer son ciel. » (Deuxième paragraphe)« J'ai appris à aimer les avenues de Manhattan. » (Troisième paragraphe)Cependant, très vite dans le premier paragraphe, Sartre abandonne son « je » et utilise le « o...
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Physics
I
INTRODUCTION
Physics, major science, dealing with the fundamental constituents of the universe, the forces they exert on one another, and the results produced by these forces.
Starting about 1665, at the age of 23, Newton enunciated the principles of mechanics, formulated the law of universal gravitation, separated white light into colors,proposed a theory for the propagation of light, and invented differential and integral calculus. Newton's contributions covered an enormous range of naturalphenomena: He was thus able to show that not only Kepler's laws of planetary motion but also Galileo's discoveries of falling bodies follow a combination of his ownsecond law of m...
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Atificiel
Sustainability 2019,11 , 189 2 of 24Since the 1980s, many research was conducted to minimize the error of prediction through a method dubbed as gradient descent. This method is referred to as a Backpropagation algorithm for the training of the ANNs and it was applied to solve problems in different domains using few hidden layers [ 5,6]. Today, the availability of data has introduced the concept of machine learning as a subcategory to AI. Machine learning implies coding the computers to behave l...
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Black Death.
disappeared in the West. V DISAPPEARANCE OF PLAGUE Plague became less common in Europe after the 1530s. The last plague in England was in 1665, the last in Western Europe in 1722. Numerous theories have beenoffered to explain the disappearance of plague. It has been argued that black rats, the primary carriers of plague, may have been replaced by larger brown rats that donot carry the infection. A second theory suggests that increased immunity among the rodents that carried the disease or chang...
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Black Death .
disappeared in the West. V DISAPPEARANCE OF PLAGUE Plague became less common in Europe after the 1530s. The last plague in England was in 1665, the last in Western Europe in 1722. Numerous theories have beenoffered to explain the disappearance of plague. It has been argued that black rats, the primary carriers of plague, may have been replaced by larger brown rats that donot carry the infection. A second theory suggests that increased immunity among the rodents that carried the disease or chang...
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Mechanics
I
INTRODUCTION
Mechanics, branch of physics concerning the motions of objects and their response to forces.
Components of VelocityNeglecting air resistance, a ball thrown into the air at an angle will travel in a parabolic path. The velocity of the ball (V)has independent vertical (V) and horizontal (H) components; the horizontal component stays the same the entire time theball is in the air, while the vertical component, the only component affected by gravity, changes continuously while theball is aloft.© Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. To understand why and how objects accelerate, force...
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Relativity - astronomy.
beta, for example, might be as large as 0.5, and the mass of the electron doubled. The mass of a rapidly moving electron could be easily determined by measuring thecurvature produced in its path by a magnetic field; the heavier the electron, the greater its inertia and the less the curvature produced by a given strength of field ( see Magnetism). Experimentation dramatically confirmed Einstein's prediction; the electron increased in mass by exactly the amount he predicted. Thus, the kinetic ener...
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Pottery
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INTRODUCTION
Pottery, clay that is chemically altered and permanently hardened by firing in a kiln.
basket, or a clay or plaster form. Liquid clay can be poured into plaster molds. A pot can be coil built: Clay is rolled between the palms of the hands and extended intolong coils, a coil is formed into a ring, and the pot is built up by superimposing rings. Also, a ball of clay can be pinched into the desired shape. The most sophisticatedpottery-making technique is wheel throwing. The potter's wheel, invented in the 4th millennium BC, is a flat disk that revolves horizontally on a pivot. Both...
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Capital Punishment.
deterrent effect. Capital punishment advocates note that because the death penalty is reserved for the most aggravated murders, the deterrent effect of capitalpunishment on such crimes may not be apparent in data on homicide rates in general. Supporters also urge that the conflicting results of various studies indicate thatthe deterrent effect of the death penalty cannot not be proven or disproven with any certainty. They maintain that in the absence of conclusive proof that the threat ofexecuti...
- Grue moine: Espèce aux effectifs réduits.
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Interstellar Matter - astronomy.
silhouette of a cloud of dust. At other times, it blocks only a percentage of the light from behind it, a process known by astronomers as extinction . The long, narrow dark lanes in the Milky Way as seen from Earth are examples of extinction. The amount of extinction is different for different wavelengths of light. A2 Reddening Starlight that does not get completely absorbed by interstellar dust can still be changed by the dust’s effects. As light passes through less dense patches of interstel...
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Obesity.
of a day, contributing to the development of obesity. V TREATMENTS FOR OBESITY Obesity can become a chronic lifelong condition caused by overeating, physical inactivity, and even genetic makeup. No matter what the cause, however, obesity can beprevented or managed with a combination of diet, exercise, behavior modification, and in severe cases, weight-loss medications and surgery. A Diets The most common and conservative treatment for obesity utilizes a nutritionally balanced, low calorie diet...
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Child Abuse.
C Social Isolation and Low Community Involvement Parents and caretakers who abuse children tend to be socially isolated. Few violent parents belong to any community organizations, and most have little contact withfriends or relatives. This lack of social involvement deprives abusive parents of support systems that would help them deal better with social or family stress. Moreover,the lack of community contacts makes these parents less likely to change their behavior to conform with community va...