710 résultats pour "rate"

• Anatomie du tube digestif

  ganglions semi-lunaire. Ensuite c'est en suivant les trajets artériels que ces nerfs vont maintenant rejoindre la paroi du viscère creux pour faire relai avec les corps cellulaires du plexus intra-mural. Dernier relai de ces voies autonomes dans la mise en œuvre du message qui va déclencher la contraction, par exemple, des fibres musculaires lisses pour expliquer le péristaltisme qui fera avancer le bol alimentaire. Il y a également un aller et un retour dans ces fibres. Il y a non seulement de...

• Définition: -CÈLE, élément suffixe.

  épigastrocèle. - " Hernie située dans la région épigastrique " épiplocèle (emprunté). - " Hernie de l'épiloon " gastrocèle. - " Hernie de l'estomac " glossocèle. - " Saillie de la langue hors de la bouche " hépatocèle. - " Hernie d'une partie du foie " hypogastrocèle. - " Hernie située dans la région hypogastrique " hystérocèle (grec ?ste?a , matrice). - " Hernie de l'utérus. " Synonyme : métrocèle. iridocèle. - " Protrusion (saillie) de l'iris à travers une lésion de la cornée " ischiocèle. - S...

• CHARLES BAUDELAIRE

  Charles Baudelaire En 1846- 1847, il se passionne pour Edgar Fbe, dont il publiera plus tard une partie des Contes, traduits par ses soins, sous le titre d'Histoires extra­ ordinaires. En 1848, Baudelaire s'engage aux côtés des révolutionnaires : il croit qu'il va «fusiller Aupick », le beau-père honni devenu général, mais les lendemains de la révolution le déçoivent. Il s'éprend d'Apollonie Sabatier, la Muse et la Madone, et de la comédienne Marie Daubrun,...

• Notre Dame de Paris Sonneur de cloches à Notre-Dame, répondit Quasimodo, croyant qu'il s'agissait d'expliquer au juge qui il était.

  II. LE TROU AUX RATS Que le lecteur nous permette de le ramener à la place de Grève, que nous avons quittée hier avec Gringoire pour suivre la Esmeralda. Il est dix heures du matin. Tout y sent le lendemain de fête. Le pavé est couvert de débris, rubans, chiffons, plumes des panaches, gouttes de cire des flambeaux, miettes de la ripaille publique. Bon nombre de bourgeois flânent, comme nous disons, çà et là, remuant du pied les tisons éteints du feu de joie, s'extasiant devant la Maison-au...

• La Comunicazione Point to Point

  Tempo di bit : è determinato dalla velocità di trasmissione e indica il tempo necessario per trasmettere un singolo bit. Errori di trasmissione Un ulteriore caratteristica di una connessione è il tasso di errore (error rate) che più è basso maggiore sarà l'efficienza dellaconnessione error Error Rate = bit errati ricevuti/bit totali trasmessi Gli errori di trasmissione sono determinati sia da fattori interni e esterni al sistema ed esistono diverse tecniche per il controllo e ilrecupero del...

• Mapas mentales 1 INTRODUCCIÓN Mapas mentales, también llamados por algunos mapas cognitivos, son la expresión gráfica de las imágenes que el cerebro elabora del medio que le rodea, es decir, de las representaciones internas del espacio y sus propiedades que cada persona guarda en su memoria.

  ambiente a gran escala, suponiendo que las personas generan imágenes que les permiten fijar direcciones entre ciudades. Sin embargo, el término mapa cognitivo se debe al psicólogo conductista Edward C. Tolman y a su artículo, escrito en 1948, Cognitive Maps in Rats and Men , en el que concluyó que las ratas parecían poseer en sus cerebros algo así como un mapa de rutas que les permitía relacionar elementos espaciales y gracias a este, en últimotérmino, se determinaba su comportamiento. En 1966,...

• Liver.

  by bacterial infections. But hepatitis is most often caused by one of several viruses. The hepatitis A virus (HAV) can produce flulike symptoms and jaundice, but manypeople who contract it have no symptoms. The disease tends to resolve on its own. Because HAV lives in feces in the intestinal tract, hepatitis A is prevalent in areaswhere drinking water is contaminated with raw sewage. Good hygiene practices and a hepatitis A vaccination are effective measures of prevention. Hepatitis B is a more...

• élevage - agriculture et agroalimentaire.

  dérivent (fromage, beurre, yaourts, etc.), la viande sous toutes ses formes, les œufs, le miel. Les bovins sont élevés pour leur viande comme pour leur lait, et sontaujourd’hui divisés en trois catégories : animaux de boucherie, animaux laitiers et animaux mixtes, un type intermédiaire élevé à la fois pour le lait et la viande. Si le lait devache est majoritairement consommé, on utilise également les ressources d’autres femelles d'herbivores, comme les chèvres, les brebis, les rennes, les bufflo...

• L'inconscient: L’EPREUVE DE LA SUBJECTIVITE

  per ç ois triste, joyeux apr è s un examen de la cs, c ’ est que je suis triste, joyeux. La cs est totalement transparents à elle-mm, je suis ce que j ’ ai cs d ’êt re. Au contraire, l ’ hypoth è se de l ’ incs signifie qu ’ il y a un é cart entre l ’ interpr ét ation que je fais de mon êt re et mon ê tre. L’hypothèse de l’inconscient signifie donc que la conscience que j’ai de moi même est nécessairement partielle, limitée....

• Littérature - Fin de Partie

  et Nagg sont un couple, ils vont par deux «deux poubelles l'une contre l'autre», leurs poubelles sont côte à côte,dans leur attitude on ressent un certain attachement, Nell demande à Nagg si elle veut une moitié du biscuit, si ellea froid, lui raconte l'«histoire du tailleur», ces personnages sont donc unis par un lien.Par ailleurs même si Hamm est le chef, il ne peut subsister sans Clov. Cette dépendance est autant physique(médicaments, nourriture, services) que psychologique (ordre de...

• Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion.

  Stufe zur Vollendung der EWWU verband sich vor allem die Hoffnung auf eine Stimulierung von Wirtschaft und Beschäftigung, eine verbesserte globaleWettbewerbsfähigkeit und nicht zuletzt eine innenpolitische Stärkung der Europäischen Union. Kritiker verweisen jedoch darauf, dass durch die Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion die Bedingungen für die Lohn-, Sozial- und Steuerpolitik wesentlich verändert und auchdie nationalen Sozialsicherungssysteme unter erhöhten Druck geraten werden. Letzteres wird insb...

• Le meilleur des monde et Frankenstein ou le Prométhée moderne: Utopie et contre-utopie

  Les divers aspect présents dans le meilleur des mondes sont interdépendants. L'organisation est entièrementcirculaire, d'une logique de cercle vicieux. Ce raisonnement produit un modèle social dont tous les éléments setiennent si bien, que la modification ou la suppression du moindre d'entre eux, menace l'édifice dans son entièreté.Nous sommes en face d'une cohérence absolue, qui donne un système clos et inapte à l'évolution. L'utopie s'énonce comme le Paradis sur terre. Reste à sa...

• Central Processing Unit.

  Development of the computer chip started in 1958 when Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments demonstrated that it was possible to integrate the various components of aCPU onto a single piece of silicon. These computer chips were called integrated circuits (ICs) because they combined multiple electronic circuits on the same chip.Subsequent design and manufacturing advances allowed transistor densities on integrated circuits to increase tremendously. The first ICs had only tens of transistorsper chip com...

• Owl - biology.

  Among the largest species of typical owls are the eagle owls. They have tufts of feathers on their heads that are called “ears.” The great horned owl is the only eagleowl found in the Americas. It is about 60 cm (25 in) in length with a wingspan of 1.4 m (60 in). Numerous species of eagle owls inhabit Europe, Africa, and Asia. Mostwidely distributed is the northern eagle owl, found from Scandinavia and Spain to Japan. It is about 71 cm (28 in) long with a wingspan of about 2m (72 in). Nearly asl...

• Drug Dependence.

  these drugs develops rapidly, no withdrawal syndrome is apparent when they are discontinued. Phencyclidine, or PCP, known popularly by such names as “angel dust” and “rocket fuel,” has no medical purpose for humans but is occasionally used by veterinarians asan anesthetic and sedative for animals. It became a common drug of abuse in the late 1970s, and is considered a menace because it can easily be synthesized. Itseffects differ from those of other hallucinogens. LSD, for example, produces deta...

• Big Bang Theory - astronomy.

  hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen atoms can only absorb and emit specific colors, or wavelengths, of light. The formation of atoms allowed many other wavelengths of light,wavelengths that had been interfering with the free electrons prior to the cooling of the universe, to travel much farther than before. This change set free radiation thatwe can detect today. After billions of years of cooling, this cosmic background radiation is at about 3 K (-270°C/-454°F).The cosmic background radiation was first d...

• Belize - country.

  Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 14. Attendance at primary schools was nearly universal in 2002–2003, but only 78 percent of children ofsecondary school age were enrolled in school. Higher education is available at colleges in Belize City and Corozal. The literacy rate of 93 percent is one of the highest inLatin America. C Government Belize is governed under a constitution that became effective at independence in 1981. Belize recognizes the British monarch as its o...

• Aging - biology.

  Different theories have been proposed to explain how SF works. One theory is based on the assumption that aging, and diseases that occur more frequently withadvancing age, are caused by structural damage to cells. This damage accumulates in tiny amounts each time the cell divides, eventually preventing the cell fromcarrying out normal functions. One cause of this damage may be free radicals, which are chemical compounds found in the environment and also generated by normal chemical reactions in...

• Musical I INTRODUCTION George Gershwin American pianist, songwriter, and composer George Gershwin was one of the most important figures in popular song in the 1920s and 1930s.

  C Extravaganzas Another predecessor of musical comedy, the extravaganza, evolved soon after the American Civil War (1861-1865) from traditional English pantomime. Extravaganzaswere typically based on fairy tales and Mother Goose. They introduced some of the elements—songs, dances, and comedy combined with spectacular stage sets andeffects—that American musical comedy later became known for. The first and most famous extravaganza show was The Black Crook (1866), often described as America’s fi...

• Sierra Leone (country) - country.

  commodities such as palm oil, palm kernels, coffee, cacao, ginger, kola nuts, and piassava (palm fibers) are grown for export. Cattle, goats, and sheep are raised, andthe fishing industry is of increasing importance. B Mining Gem and industrial diamonds are the leading mineral products of Sierra Leone. In 2004, 309,390 carats of gem-quality diamonds were produced. Rutile, a titanium oreof which Sierra Leone has one of the world’s largest deposits, and bauxite are also mined in large quantities....

• Comoros - country.

  Since 1981 the currency has been the Comorian franc. The Comorian franc had a fixed exchange rate with the French franc of 50 to 1 until 1994, when the rate was changed to 75 Comorian francs to 1 French franc. In 2006, the Comorian franc exchanged at an average of 392 to U.S.$1. Transport between the islands is mostly by air, and there is an international airport at Hahaia on Njazidja where jets can land. Road networks have been built betweenmost of the main island settlements, but the mountai...

• Lesotho - geographie.

  Landwirtschaft oder als Hausangestellte beschäftigt werden. Etwa 38 Prozent der männlichen Arbeitskräfte sind in Südafrika tätig. Wegen der Wirtschaftskrise und desgleichzeitig sinkenden Goldpreises verloren viele Sotho Ende der achtziger Jahre in Südafrika ihren Arbeitsplatz, so dass die Zahl der dort beschäftigten Arbeitskräfte weitniedriger war als in vorangegangenen Jahren. Ende der siebziger und Anfang der achtziger Jahre gingen etwa die Hälfte aller männlichen Arbeitskräfte Lesothos in Süd...

• Computer Memory.

  been created, information can be retrieved but not changed. Newer technologies allow ROMs to be semi-permanent—that is, the information can be changed, but ittakes several seconds to make the change. For example, a FLASH memory acts like a ROM because values remain stored in memory, but the values can be changed. C External Memory External memory can generally be classified as either magnetic or optical, or a combination called magneto-optical. A magnetic storage device, such as a computer'shar...

• Cuban Revolution.

  Confederation of Labor, threw its support behind Batista. In the same month, the U.S. government cut off weapons sales to Batista’s government. U.S. envoys andpolitical moderates in Cuba tried to convince Batista to leave power peacefully, but Batista refused. Meanwhile, revolutionaries from Castro’s movement and from otherorganizations escalated violent resistance. During the second half of 1958, guerrillas seized ground in the countryside from the army. In the cities, several of Batista’sleadi...

• Coronary Heart Disease.

  when a patient is at rest may indicate that the blood supply of the heart is not normal, and the ECG can often detect damage from a previous heart attack. In anexercise stress test, an ECG is recorded while a patient is performing physical activity such as walking on a treadmill or riding a stationary bicycle. As the intensity ofexercise increases, the doctor looks for specific changes in the ECG that indicate the heart is not getting enough oxygen. In cardiac catheterization, a long, thin, flex...

• Ethnic Groups in Canada - Canadian History.

  Ontario and the Atlantic provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Prince Edward Island). Most of the Irish live in rural areas of NovaScotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Ontario, and Québec. The Welsh are by far the smallest group among the British Canadians, and they have also settled inthe Atlantic provinces and Ontario. B Culture The language spoken by British Canadians is mostly English, but some Welsh speak their own Celtic language and some Scots, Gae...

• Asie. 1 PRÉSENTATION Asie, continent du monde, regroupant 46 pays répartis sur six

  On pourrait comparer le cœur du massif montagneux de l’Asie à une gigantesque roue, dont les rayons sont formés par de grands cours d’eau qui s’écoulent dans toutes lesdirections. Sept d’entre eux figurent parmi les douze plus longs fleuves du monde. Prenant naissance au nord et au nord-est du massif, la Lena, l’Ienisseï et l’Ob se jettentdans l’océan Arctique. Ils ont auparavant traversé de larges plaines alluviales. Vers l’ouest, des rivières comme l’Ili, le Syr-Daria et l’Amou-Daria dévalent...

• Nuclear Weapons.

  Regardless of the method used to attain a supercritical assembly, the chain reaction proceeds for about a millionth of a second, liberating vast amounts of heat energy.The extremely fast release of a very large amount of energy in a relatively small volume causes the temperature to rise to tens of millions of degrees. The resultingrapid expansion and vaporization of the bomb material causes a powerful explosion. VI PRODUCTION OF FISSILE MATERIAL Much experimentation was necessary to make the p...

• Plate Tectonics.

  ridges. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an underwater mountain range created at a divergent plate boundary in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. It is part of a worldwidesystem of ridges made by seafloor spreading. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is currently spreading at a rate of 2.5 cm per year (1 in per year). The mid-ocean ridges today are60,000 km (about 40,000 mi) long, forming the largest continuous mountain chain on earth. Earthquakes, faults, underwater volcanic eruptions, and vents, oropenings, along...

• Virus (life science) - biology.

  RNA into DNA earned them their name because this process is the reverse of the usual transfer of genetic information, from DNA to RNA.) The DNA form of theretrovirus genome is then integrated into the cellular DNA and is referred to as the provirus. The viral genome is replicated every time the host cell replicates its DNA and is thus passed on to daughter cells. Hepatitis B virus can also transcribe RNA to DNA, but this virus packages the DNA version of its genome into virus particles. Unlike...

• Parkinson Disease.

  III SYMPTOMS Parkinson disease most notably affects motor control (muscle activity). The disease progresses differently for each individual—symptoms develop swiftly in some peopleand slowly in others. Some Parkinson patients may develop problems that affect their intellect or ability to reason, or they may suffer from depression or anxiety. A Motor Control Problems Doctors look for the presence of four principal symptoms in patients they suspect may have Parkinson disease. Tremor (the involun...

• Kuwait (country) - country.

  Oil revenues have allowed Kuwait to build an extensive educational system, yielding a literacy rate of 84 percent. Public school is free and compulsory from the age of 6to 13, and several private schools also teach this age group. Kuwait University (founded in 1966) is also free and offers programs in a wide range of professional andscientific fields at several campuses. Both the extensive library system at Kuwait University and the collection at Kuwait National Museum (1957) were heavily damage...

• Social Psychology.

  During the 1960s, American psychologist Stanley Milgram studied a form of social influence stronger than conformity: obedience to authority. In a famous series ofexperiments that attracted controversy about human research ethics, Milgram put each of 1,000 subjects into a situation in which they were ordered by anexperimenter to administer painful electric shocks to a confederate (who did not actually receive any shocks). The subjects in these studies were led to believe that theywere acting as '...

• Tajikistan - country.

  by more than 100 percent due to a high birth rate and improvements in medical care. During the early 1990s, however, the growth rate began to decline due to civilwar and emigration. A Ethnic Groups and Languages Tajiks constitute the largest ethnic group in Tajikistan, making up about 65 percent of the population. The peoples who live in Gorno-Badakhshan, located in the Pamirs,are classified as Tajiks, although their languages and customs are distinct. The largest minority group in the country...

• First Aid.

  IV SEVERE BLEEDING The presence of blood over a considerable area of a person’s body does not always indicate severe bleeding. The blood may ooze from multiple small wounds or besmeared, giving the appearance of more blood than is actually present. The rate at which blood is lost from a wound depends on the size and kind of blood vesselruptured. Bright red, spurting blood indicates injury to an artery while welling or steadily flowing, dark red blood indicates injury to a vein. Welling or spur...

• Capital Punishment.

  deterrent effect. Capital punishment advocates note that because the death penalty is reserved for the most aggravated murders, the deterrent effect of capitalpunishment on such crimes may not be apparent in data on homicide rates in general. Supporters also urge that the conflicting results of various studies indicate thatthe deterrent effect of the death penalty cannot not be proven or disproven with any certainty. They maintain that in the absence of conclusive proof that the threat ofexecuti...

• Uruguay (country) - country.

  Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the constitution of Uruguay. Three-quarters of the people belong to the Roman Catholic Church. There are also sizable Protestantand Jewish congregations. The official language is Spanish, which in Uruguay has been influenced by Italian vocabulary and pronunciation. C Education Uruguay has one of the highest rates of literacy in Latin America, at 98.2 percent of the adult population. Six years of primary education is compulsory, and Uruguay isone of the few n...

• Jupiter (planet) - astronomy.

  Beneath the supercritical fluid zone, the pressure reaches 3 million Earth atmospheres. At this depth, the atoms collide so frequently and violently that the hydrogenatoms are ionized—that is, the negatively charged electrons are stripped away from the positively charged protons of the hydrogen nuclei. This ionization results in asea of electrically charged particles that resembles a liquid metal and gives rise to Jupiter’s magnetic field. This liquid metallic hydrogen zone is 30,000 to 40,000 k...

• Azerbaijan - country.

  second most important industrial center after Baku. A Ethnic Groups Azerbaijan, including the autonomous exclave of Naxçivan, is populated mostly by ethnic Azerbaijanis, who are also known as Azeris. The ethnic composition of thecountry changed due to a civil war between the government of Azerbaijan and Armenian secessionists in the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave. Beginning in 1988, when thepeople of Nagorno-Karabakh unilaterally decided to secede from Azerbaijan, nearly the entire Azerbaijani popula...

• Industrial Revolution I INTRODUCTION Industrial Revolution, widespread replacement of manual labor by machines that began in Britain in the 18th century and is still continuing in some parts of the world.

  The most important advance in iron production occurred in 1784 when Englishman Henry Cort invented new techniques for rolling raw iron, a finishing process thatshapes iron into the desired size and form. These advances in metalworking were an important part of industrialization. They enabled iron, which was relativelyinexpensive and abundant, to be used in many new ways, such as building heavy machinery. Iron was well suited for heavy machinery because of its strength anddurability. Because of t...

• Industrial Revolution .

  The most important advance in iron production occurred in 1784 when Englishman Henry Cort invented new techniques for rolling raw iron, a finishing process thatshapes iron into the desired size and form. These advances in metalworking were an important part of industrialization. They enabled iron, which was relativelyinexpensive and abundant, to be used in many new ways, such as building heavy machinery. Iron was well suited for heavy machinery because of its strength anddurability. Because of t...

• Slovakia - country.

  The country is divided informally into the three regions of Western Slovakia, Central Slovakia, and Eastern Slovakia, corresponding to administrative divisions that wereabolished in 1989. Most of Slovakia’s 600,000 Hungarians live in the southern parts of Western and Central Slovakia, which served as the cultural center of Hungary forseveral centuries after Hungary proper was invaded by the Ottomans in the 16th century. The Ruthenian and Ukrainian minorities are concentrated in the northernregio...

• Insect - biology.

  they almost always have six legs. In some insects, such as beetles, the legs are practically identical, but in other insects each pair is a slightly different shape. Still otherinsects have specialized leg structures. Examples are praying mantises, which have grasping and stabbing forelegs armed with lethal spines, and grasshoppers andfleas, which have large, muscular hind legs that catapult them into the air. Mole crickets’ front legs are modified for digging, and backswimmers have hind legs de...

• London (England) - geography.

  In the northern part of the West End is Bloomsbury, the city’s traditional intellectual center, with its concentration of bookshops and homes of writers and academics. Inthe early 20th century a number of famous writers, critics, and artists who lived here became known as the Bloomsbury Group. Here, too, is the British Museum, one ofLondon’s chief tourist attractions. Nearby is the giant complex of the University of London, whose various colleges and departments have taken over much ofBloomsbury...

• Meteorology.

  to find the corresponding relative humidity and dew-point temperature. III SPECIAL METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS Meteorologists have developed several sophisticated instruments that measure multiple physical characteristics of the air simultaneously and at more than one location.The most important of these special instruments are radiosondes, Doppler radar, and weather satellites. A Radiosonde A radiosonde measures air temperature, air pressure, and humidity from the earth’s surface up to an alt...

• Bosnia and Herzegovina - country.

  Serb military campaigns in 1992 and 1993 and Croat campaigns in 1993 and 1995 were aimed at expelling others from areas claimed by these groups. By the end ofthe war almost all non-Serbs had been expelled from Serb-claimed lands in eastern and northern Bosnia, and non-Croats from Croat-claimed lands in southwesternBosnia. In turn, most non-Muslims had left land under Muslim control in northwestern Bosnia. The largest cities had mixed populations in 1991, but the war and its aftermath made them a...

• Alabama (state) - geography.

  indentations along the coast are measured, the state’s shoreline is 977 km (607 mi) long. It includes the shores of Mobile Bay, an inlet 56 km (35 mi) long at the mouthof the Mobile River. Barrier beaches partly block the entrance to the bay, leaving narrow openings on either side of Dauphin Island. Dauphin and other islands alongAlabama’s coast west of Mobile Bay are separated from the mainland by Mississippi Sound. D Climate Alabama has a humid subtropical climate, with short, relatively mild...

• Alabama (state) - USA History.

  indentations along the coast are measured, the state’s shoreline is 977 km (607 mi) long. It includes the shores of Mobile Bay, an inlet 56 km (35 mi) long at the mouthof the Mobile River. Barrier beaches partly block the entrance to the bay, leaving narrow openings on either side of Dauphin Island. Dauphin and other islands alongAlabama’s coast west of Mobile Bay are separated from the mainland by Mississippi Sound. D Climate Alabama has a humid subtropical climate, with short, relatively mild...

• Sun - astronomy.

  A The Sun’s Place in the Milky Way The Milky Way Galaxy contains about 400 billion stars. All of these stars, and the gas and dust between them, are rotating about a galactic center. Stars that arefarther away from the center move at slower speeds and take longer to go around it. The Sun is located in the outer part of the galaxy, at a distance of 2.6 × 10 17 km (1.6 × 10 17 mi) from the center. The Sun, which is moving around the center at a velocity of 220 km/s (140 mi/s), takes 250 million y...

• Abraham Lincoln I INTRODUCTION Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), 16th president of the United States (1861-1865) and one of the great leaders in American history.

  fence in 4 hectares (10 acres) to grow corn. Then he hired out to neighbors, helping them to split rails. That year, Lincoln attended a political rally and was persuaded tospeak on behalf of a local candidate. It was his first political speech. A witness recalled that Lincoln “was frightened but got warmed up and made the best speech of theday.” In 1831 Lincoln made a second trip to New Orleans. He was hired, along with his stepbrother and a cousin, by Denton Offutt, a Kentucky trader and specul...