1975 résultats pour "thesis"

• Kosmologie - Astronomie.

  gegenwärtig gültige Modell des Universums. Auch Lemaître erarbeitete eine Lösung für Einsteins Gleichung. Bekannter aber ist seine These vom „Primitivatom”. Er stellte die Behauptung auf, dass die GalaxienBruchstücke dieses Atoms wären, die bei dessen Explosion weggeschleudert worden sind, was zur Ausdehnung des Universums führte. Das war der Ausgangspunkt für dieTheorie vom Urknall (englisch: Big Bang Theory ) als Ursprung des Universums. Die Geschicke des Friedmann’schen Universums werden vo...

• Galileo I INTRODUCTION Galileo (1564-1642), Italian physicist and astronomer who, with German astronomer Johannes Kepler, initiated the scientific revolution that flowered in the work of English physicist Sir Isaac Newton.

  V WORK IN ASTRONOMY During most of his time in Padua, Galileo showed little interest in astronomy, although in 1595 he declared in a letter that he preferred the Copernican theory that Earthrevolves around the Sun to the assumptions of Aristotle and Ptolemy that planets circle a fixed Earth ( see Astronomy: The Copernican Theory ; Ptolemaic System). A Observations with the Telescope In 1609 Galileo heard that a telescope had been invented in Holland. In August of that year he constructed a t...

• Galileo.

  V WORK IN ASTRONOMY During most of his time in Padua, Galileo showed little interest in astronomy, although in 1595 he declared in a letter that he preferred the Copernican theory that Earthrevolves around the Sun to the assumptions of Aristotle and Ptolemy that planets circle a fixed Earth ( see Astronomy: The Copernican Theory ; Ptolemaic System). A Observations with the Telescope In 1609 Galileo heard that a telescope had been invented in Holland. In August of that year he constructed a t...

• Computer Memory.

  been created, information can be retrieved but not changed. Newer technologies allow ROMs to be semi-permanent—that is, the information can be changed, but ittakes several seconds to make the change. For example, a FLASH memory acts like a ROM because values remain stored in memory, but the values can be changed. C External Memory External memory can generally be classified as either magnetic or optical, or a combination called magneto-optical. A magnetic storage device, such as a computer'shar...

• Sailing.

  the sails sweep across the decks of the vessel from one side to the other, and also because of the danger of breaking spars. In wild jibing, control can be lostmomentarily and, if the seas are high, a small boat can broach —that is, veer on its side with danger of swamping or capsizing. An unintentional jibe in a heavy wind frequently has enough force to break the masts of a vessel. When jibing intentionally, careful sailors always haul in on the boom while turning, so that the boom willtravel...

• Calvin Coolidge.

  By 1923 President Harding was faced with a number of difficulties. A business depression, which had begun in 1922, continued. In addition, the Republican majorities inboth houses of Congress were reduced in the election of 1922, and a discontented farm bloc of Western Republican senators threatened to destroy the Senate majorityby allying with the Democrats. Finally, it was rumored that major scandals involving Harding's friends were about to break. The rumors were soon proved accurate. The dire...

• Calvin Coolidge

  By 1923 President Harding was faced with a number of difficulties. A business depression, which had begun in 1922, continued. In addition, the Republican majorities inboth houses of Congress were reduced in the election of 1922, and a discontented farm bloc of Western Republican senators threatened to destroy the Senate majorityby allying with the Democrats. Finally, it was rumored that major scandals involving Harding's friends were about to break. The rumors were soon proved accurate. The dire...

• Statistics I INTRODUCTION Statistics, branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, organization, and analysis of numerical data and with such problems as experiment design and decision making.

  Professional pollsters typically conduct their surveys among sample populations of 1,000 people. Statistical measurementsshow that reductions in the margin of error flatten out considerably after the sample size reaches 1,000.© Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. The raw materials of statistics are sets of numbers obtained from enumerations or measurements. In collecting statistical data, adequate precautions must be taken tosecure complete and accurate information. The first problem of...

• Wilfrid Laurier.

  The Manitoba schools were the main issue in the 1896 election. Although the Catholic clergy campaigned against him, Laurier argued in Québec that he would obtainbetter terms for the Catholics by negotiating directly with the provincial government of Manitoba. “Hands off Manitoba” was an effective slogan in the other provinces aswell. A second issue was corruption in the Conservative Party, as a series of scandals had rocked the Bowell administration. Israel Tarte, a former Québec conservativewho...

• Wilfrid Laurier - Canadian History.

  The Manitoba schools were the main issue in the 1896 election. Although the Catholic clergy campaigned against him, Laurier argued in Québec that he would obtainbetter terms for the Catholics by negotiating directly with the provincial government of Manitoba. “Hands off Manitoba” was an effective slogan in the other provinces aswell. A second issue was corruption in the Conservative Party, as a series of scandals had rocked the Bowell administration. Israel Tarte, a former Québec conservativewho...

• Poliomyelitis.

  Physical therapy helps patients with paralytic polio stretch and move affected muscles. This movement minimizes the atrophy, or shrinkage, of affected muscles andlimbs and builds strength. Exercises can also retrain working muscles to compensate for other muscles that have permanently lost the ability to move. Rehabilitativetherapy trains patients to use braces, crutches, and other devices that provide support and aid mobility. V PREVENTION OF POLIO Immunization with polio vaccine is the best w...

• Peter the Great I INTRODUCTION Peter the Great or Peter I (1672-1725), tsar and, later, emperor of Russia (1682-1725), who is linked with the Westernization of Russia and its rise as a great power.

  V LATER REIGN Before long, however, these and other reform measures had to cede center stage to the prosecution of the Great Northern War (1700-1721) against Sweden. Peter’sjourney west did not result in a great alliance against the Ottomans, but it led to one against Sweden. Russia fought together with Denmark and the union of Polandand Saxony against Sweden to win the Baltic coastline, the 'window into Europe,' and to break Swedish dominance over the northern part of the continent. At the tim...

• Peter the Great.

  V LATER REIGN Before long, however, these and other reform measures had to cede center stage to the prosecution of the Great Northern War (1700-1721) against Sweden. Peter’sjourney west did not result in a great alliance against the Ottomans, but it led to one against Sweden. Russia fought together with Denmark and the union of Polandand Saxony against Sweden to win the Baltic coastline, the 'window into Europe,' and to break Swedish dominance over the northern part of the continent. At the tim...

• Liberia - country.

  West Atlantic, or Kwa linguistic groups. D Education Education is free and compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 15. However, a scarcity of educational facilities means that few Liberians progress beyondprimary school. Almost all children of primary school-age attend school, but the figure drops to 23 percent (1999–2000) for secondary school-age children. Just 60percent of the population was literate in 2005. Higher education is provided by the University of Liberia (1862), in Monro...

• Brian Mulroney.

  At the party convention Mulroney was one of the candidates who ran against Clark. This time Mulroney did not have to contend with a rival candidate from Québec. Healso had the support of the remnants of the Diefenbaker faction—who disliked Clark even more than they disliked Mulroney. Mulroney was also endorsed by asubstantial group of members of Parliament; this endorsement helped allay concerns about whether he could provide effective leadership in Parliament. Mulroney waselected leader of the...

• Brian Mulroney - Canadian History.

  At the party convention Mulroney was one of the candidates who ran against Clark. This time Mulroney did not have to contend with a rival candidate from Québec. Healso had the support of the remnants of the Diefenbaker faction—who disliked Clark even more than they disliked Mulroney. Mulroney was also endorsed by asubstantial group of members of Parliament; this endorsement helped allay concerns about whether he could provide effective leadership in Parliament. Mulroney waselected leader of the...

• Fiji Islands - country.

  the early 1990s. Fishing is done mainly at a subsistence level, but commercial fishing is increasing. The country also receives income from the sale of licenses to foreignvessels to fish in Fiji’s exclusive economic zone. Industry, including mining, manufacturing, and construction, employs 34 percent of Fiji’s wage earners and, in 2006, contributed 26 percent of GDP. The governmentinstituted tax-free incentives in 1988 that created a flourishing garment industry. Ready-made garments are now the...

• William McKinley.

  gold standard. McKinley voted for it in exchange for support for his tariff bill. His vote angered Eastern bankers and industrialists but helped lessen Western oppositionto his stand on the tariff. D Governor of Ohio Because he was a champion of protective tariffs, as well as an extremely popular politician, McKinley attracted the attention of a Cleveland industrialist, Marcus AlonzoHanna. Hanna was eager to be the maker of a president and to be the man who exercised power behind the scenes. In...

• William McKinley

  gold standard. McKinley voted for it in exchange for support for his tariff bill. His vote angered Eastern bankers and industrialists but helped lessen Western oppositionto his stand on the tariff. D Governor of Ohio Because he was a champion of protective tariffs, as well as an extremely popular politician, McKinley attracted the attention of a Cleveland industrialist, Marcus AlonzoHanna. Hanna was eager to be the maker of a president and to be the man who exercised power behind the scenes. In...

• Musical I INTRODUCTION George Gershwin American pianist, songwriter, and composer George Gershwin was one of the most important figures in popular song in the 1920s and 1930s.

  C Extravaganzas Another predecessor of musical comedy, the extravaganza, evolved soon after the American Civil War (1861-1865) from traditional English pantomime. Extravaganzaswere typically based on fairy tales and Mother Goose. They introduced some of the elements—songs, dances, and comedy combined with spectacular stage sets andeffects—that American musical comedy later became known for. The first and most famous extravaganza show was The Black Crook (1866), often described as America’s fi...

• Prince Edward Island - Geography.

  hectares (109 acres) each. In 2006 there were 1,700 farms, of which the average size was 148 hectares (366 acres). In 2005 the total farm cash receipts were C$510million. The most important agricultural products in terms of value include potatoes, milk and cream, cattle and calves, hogs, tobacco, vegetables, eggs, hens andchickens, and furs. For the most part the island’s agriculture is diversified, rather than specialized, because of the lack of a large urban industrial population within easy r...

• Prince Edward Island - Canadian History.

  hectares (109 acres) each. In 2006 there were 1,700 farms, of which the average size was 148 hectares (366 acres). In 2005 the total farm cash receipts were C$510million. The most important agricultural products in terms of value include potatoes, milk and cream, cattle and calves, hogs, tobacco, vegetables, eggs, hens andchickens, and furs. For the most part the island’s agriculture is diversified, rather than specialized, because of the lack of a large urban industrial population within easy r...

• Republican Party.

  the reaction to the depression that the Republican Party controlled Congress for only 4 of the 48 years between 1932 and 1980. The Republicans did win the presidencyfour times during that period—in 1952, 1956, 1968, and 1972—when the Democratic Party split or when some unusual combination of circumstances occurred. Fromthe 1930s through the 1970s, however, the Democratic Party was the dominant party in the United States. The response of the Republicans to this new situation was confusion, anger,...

• Chess.

  There are two standard methods of recording chess moves: the algebraic system and the descriptive system. In both systems, the pieces are designated by capitalinitials: K for king, Q for queen, R for rook, B for bishop, and N for knight. The initial P for pawn is used in the descriptive system only. Castling is noted as either 0-0(“short” castling on the king’s side) or 0-0-0 (“long” castling on the queen’s side). Each square is part of both a file and a rank, and in the algebraic system, that u...

• La thèse de HUME sur l'identité personnelle et sur le problème de la conscience ?

  existence de chose pensante en se distinguant précisément dans l'expérience du doute radical de tout ce à quoi ilpeut bien penser, de tout ce qu'il peut bien percevoir. A ceux là, Hume n'a qu'à opposer la certitude opposée de sapropre expérience : si certains parviennent à se saisir indépendamment de ce qu'ils perçoivent, lui n'y parvient pas.« Il n'y a pas en l'esprit à proprement parler de simplicité à un moment donné, ni d'identité à différents moments,quelque tendance naturelle que nous puis...

• Money.

  A Early Monetary Regulations In the American colonies, coins of almost every European country circulated, with the Spanish dollar predominating. Because of the scarcity of coins, the colonists alsoused various primitive mediums of exchange, such as bullets, tobacco, and animal skins. Many of the colonies issued paper money that circulated at varying rates ofdiscount. The first unified currency consisted of the notes issued by the Continental Congress to finance the American Revolution. These no...

• First Aid.

  IV SEVERE BLEEDING The presence of blood over a considerable area of a person’s body does not always indicate severe bleeding. The blood may ooze from multiple small wounds or besmeared, giving the appearance of more blood than is actually present. The rate at which blood is lost from a wound depends on the size and kind of blood vesselruptured. Bright red, spurting blood indicates injury to an artery while welling or steadily flowing, dark red blood indicates injury to a vein. Welling or spur...

• Costa Rica - country.

  protection from future deforestation is not guaranteed. Deforestation places Costa Rica’s rich biodiversity in danger. The country’s location on the cusp between Northand South America and its abundance of tropical forests make it home to a great variety of species, many of them rare and threatened. Deforestation also contributesto the country’s problematic rate of soil erosion. Costa Rica is party to international treaties concerning biodiversity, climate change ( see Global Warming), endangere...

• Trinidad and Tobago - country.

  III PEOPLE The history of Trinidad and Tobago is reflected in the makeup of its population, among the most ethnically diverse in the Caribbean. Blacks of African ancestry andAsians of Indian ancestry each make up about 40 percent of the population. The remainder is mainly of mixed ancestry, although there are also small groups of peopleof Chinese, European, South American, and Middle Eastern descent. The ethnic diversity of Trinidad and Tobago owes its origins to slavery and its abolition. Afr...

• Serbia - country.

  Minority groups speak their own languages, such as Albanian and Hungarian. Bosniaks generally speak Bosnian and write it with the Latin alphabet. Serbs are by tradition Orthodox Christians. The Roman Catholic and Protestant churches also have adherents in Serbia. Most of the ethnic Albanians of Kosovo areSunni Muslims ( see Sunni Islam), as are the Bosniaks of the Sandžak region. Bosniaks are descendants of Slavs who converted to Islam in the 15th and 16th centuries. B Education The leading in...

• Cat Family - biology.

  cats have coats that are mainly brown, yellow, or gray, often with white underbellies. The cubs of many species of cats have spotted coats, which helps hide them ingrass and underbrush from predators. Adult cats that have mainly spotted patterns in their fur include cheetahs, leopards, clouded leopards, jaguars, ocelots, margays, Geoffroy’s cat, and servals. Singlecolor coats are found in lions, pumas, and jaguarundis. Some individuals among leopards and jaguars, and more rarely in other species...

• Lithuania - country.

  pollution. III PEOPLE Ethnic Lithuanians constitute about 80 percent of the country’s population. The proportion of Lithuanians increased slightly in the first years after the dissolution of theSoviet Union—many Lithuanians returned to their homeland from that country and abroad while some Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians left the country. Russiansand Poles constitute the country’s largest minority groups, each accounting for roughly 7 percent of the population. Jews were the largest mino...

• Yemen - country.

  port. Al Ḩudaydah (155,110), in the Tih āmah, is the second largest port. Ta‘izz, (178,043), in the highlands above Aden, is an important commercial and light industrialcenter. Among Yemen’s larger towns are Şa‘dah, far to the north; Dham ār, Yarim, and Ibb, in the middle region; Al Mukall ā, on the southern coast; and in Hadhramaut,the towns of Shib ām, Say‘ ūn, and Tar īm. C Language Nearly all Yemenis speak Arabic. However, the country’s extremely rugged terrain, widely separated population...

• Delaware - geography.

  D Climate Delaware has generally hot and humid summers and mild winters. D1 Temperature In July, average daytime temperatures are usually in the upper 20°s to lower 30°sC (80°sF) or even higher. But because summer nights tend to be cooler than thedays, July averages are about 24°C (about 75°F). In addition, onshore sea breezes can reduce daytime temperatures along the coast by 3 to 6 Celsius degrees (5 to 10Fahrenheit degrees). January averages range from -1°C (31°F) at Newark, in the north, t...

• Delaware - USA History.

  D Climate Delaware has generally hot and humid summers and mild winters. D1 Temperature In July, average daytime temperatures are usually in the upper 20°s to lower 30°sC (80°sF) or even higher. But because summer nights tend to be cooler than thedays, July averages are about 24°C (about 75°F). In addition, onshore sea breezes can reduce daytime temperatures along the coast by 3 to 6 Celsius degrees (5 to 10Fahrenheit degrees). January averages range from -1°C (31°F) at Newark, in the north, t...

• Rhode Island - geography.

  C (73° F). Along the northern state line, the January mean temperature is about 1° C (about 2° F) colder than in Warwick in January. Along the ocean coast, theJanuary mean temperature is -1° C (30° F). Warm season temperatures are also influenced by the ocean and bay, so temperatures are usually cooler along the coastthan in the interior. The difference tends to be greatest in spring and early summer. Winter temperatures in Rhode Island are usually above -7° C (20° F), buttemperatures colder by...

• Rhode Island - USA History.

  C (73° F). Along the northern state line, the January mean temperature is about 1° C (about 2° F) colder than in Warwick in January. Along the ocean coast, theJanuary mean temperature is -1° C (30° F). Warm season temperatures are also influenced by the ocean and bay, so temperatures are usually cooler along the coastthan in the interior. The difference tends to be greatest in spring and early summer. Winter temperatures in Rhode Island are usually above -7° C (20° F), buttemperatures colder by...

• Auteurs philosophie et leurs thèses (hobbes, rousseau, marx)

  Auteurs philosophie et leurs thèses 1. Hobbes : MONARCHIE AUTORITAIRE - Contrat Social Homme à l’état de Nature = homo homini lupus est, Etat = contrat social, liberté contre sécurité. Le Léviathan, Souverain (= 1 ou assemblée) qui a tous les pouvoirs et le bon sens. Le droit naturel, jus naturale, peut être simplement le “droit” de la jungle, du plus fort (Hobbes) ou alors ce qui s’oppose au droit positif (positivisme juridique → Hobbes, Pascal). C’est un ensemble de normes théoriques p...

• Thèse communication

  Connectivité accrue : La technologie a transformé la manière dont nous communiquons en éliminant les barrières géographiques et en permettant des interactions instantanées à travers divers outils et plateformes. • Les appels vidéo, tels que ceux proposés par Skype, Zoom ou FaceTime, permettent des conversations en temps réel avec des proches éloignés, renforçant ainsi les liens familiaux malgré la distance. • Les réseaux sociaux offrent un espace pour partager des moments de vie, des pensé...

• Pensez-vous qu'un apologue doive formuler explicitement la morale ou la thèse qu'il soutient ?

  personnages schématiques et s’y mêle l’exotisme. L’utopie permet ceci, c’est ainsi que Voltaire fait voyager Candide dans l’Eldorado, pays de richesse, de justice et de paix. Swift lui fait découvrir à Gulliver des mondes étranges et fabuleux comme Lilliput et Laputo où il y dévoile de nouveaux concepts sociaux. Ou encore Antoine de Saint-Exupéry avec le Petit prince et ses diverses planètes. D’autre part encore, la morale implicite permet de faire une démarche inductive, le lecteur do...

• En quoi la thèse défendue par Epictète s’inscrit-elle bien dans la pensée stoïcienne ?

  En quoi la thèse défendue par Epictète s’inscrit-elle bien dans la pensée stoïcienne ? Quels sont les points forts ou éventuelles faiblesses d’une telle doctrine Tout d’abord, les stoïciens se méfiaient énormément du corps et donc des passions qu’ils associaient à ce dernier. De ce fait, l’envie, la jalousie ou encore le jugement faisaient partie des interdits. De plus ce mouvement philosophique séparait l’être humain en deux parties : ce qui dépend de lui et ce qui ne dépend pas de lui...

• Quelles sont les modalités du discours délibératif ? Le discours délibératif présente, de manière logique et structurée, les différentes thèses...

  Quelles sont les modalités du discours délibératif ? Le discours délibératif présente, de manière logique et structurée, les différentes thèses et les différents arguments qui s'opposent dans un débat, le plus souvent politique : l'objectif du locuteur est d'imposer un point de vue en tentant d'influencer l'interlocuteur et d'orienter sa décision. Il s'agit de balayer l'ensemble des solutions possibles pour, en dernière analyse, n'en garder qu'une seule. Ce type de discours est défini dès l'Anti...

• Analysez ce passage de « Candide » en faisant ressortir la thèse philosophique qui s'y inscrit et l'art de Voltaire conteur.

  II2 VOLTAIRE Cette catastrophe faisait partout un grand bruit pendant quelques heures. Pangloss, Candide et Martin, en retournant à la petite métairie, rencontrèrent un bon vieillard qui prenait le frais à sa porte, sous un berceau d'orangers. Pangloss, qui était aussi curieux que raisonneur, lui demanda comment se nommait le mufti qu'on venait d'étrangler. «Je n'en sais rien, répondit le bonhomme, et je n'ai jamais su le nom d'aucun...

• 25 Les différentes formes d'argumentation L'essentiel du cours Pour défendre une thèse et mener à bien son argumentation, un écrivain...

  25 Les différentes formes d'argumentation L'essentiel du cours Pour défendre une thèse et mener à bien son argumentation, un écrivain peut emprunter différents chemins. Il peut choisir une voie directe ou une route plus détournée qui passera par exemple par la fiction. Exposer une opinion • Pour développer sa réflexion, un écrivain peut choisir de f l'exposer cla remerit dans un ouvrage théorique, comme Lill esséli. L'essai peut prendre différentes formes selon les auteurs. Au xv1e siècle, Mo...

• dfh

• Seconde période du xvnr siècle et pfflllière période du xir siècle Antithèse: Moi,,_ Non-Moi Thèse: Moi=Moi A Synthèse: Le Moi...

  Seconde période du xvnr siècle et pfflllière période du xir siècle Antithèse: Moi,,_ Non-Moi Thèse: Moi=Moi A Synthèse: Le Moi et le Non-Moi se limitent et se déterminent réciproquement Principes de la doctrine de la science 117114) Aspiration infinie Droit contraignant 1 garantit Existence d'autres Exhortation à l'autodétermination B Le fondement du droit naturel Johan Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814), s'est voulu le chantre d'une théorie scientifique de la liberté. Pourtant, sur la fin...

• INTRODUCTION Les philosophes du XVIIIe siècle réagirent parfois violemment contre Pascal. Voltaire réfuta ses thèses, et le présenta comme un...

  INTRODUCTION Les philosophes du XVIIIe siècle réagirent parfois violemment contre Pascal. Voltaire réfuta ses thèses, et le présenta comme un ennemi du bonheur humain. On ne songe plus guère aujourd'hui à lui adresser ce reproche : depuis le Romantisme, les lecteurs apprécient davantage le pessimisme des Pensées, et beaucoup pourraient prendre à leur compte cette remarque de Chateaubriand dans le Génie du Christianisme : « Les sentiments de Pascal sont remarquables surtout par la profondeur de l...

• Mai 68, Sexualité, couple, famille.

• La libération du désir peut-elle constituer un idéal moral ?

  • Deuxième partie: de l'éthique traditionnelle à sa problématisation. Une véritable morale peut-elle se fonder sur l'abstinence ou la crainte ? — Le dualisme humain et les tentations du désir. Thèmes du péché de la chair, du jugement dernier, de laresponsabilité au regard de Dieu. « Idéal ascétique»: valorisation du renoncement et de l'abstinence. — La critique spinoziste d'une morale qui fait agir plutôt par crainte que par vertu positive. La vie heureuse elle-même est condition de mor...

• PRÉVOST Jean 1901-1944 Romancier et essayiste, né à Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours. Cet homme « de gauche», auteur d'une thèse de doctorat sur...

  PRÉVOST Jean 1901-1944 Romancier et essayiste, né à Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours. Cet homme « de gauche», auteur d'une thèse de doctorat sur Stendhal (dont une partie paraîtra à Lyon de son vivant, 1942), était un athée suffisamment ouvert et équitable pour écrire, dans un essai intitulé Apprendre seul : La tradition universitaire ne fait pas à la pensée religieuse sa vraie place. Fusillé à l'âge de quarante-trois ans : on sait qu'il avait pris le comman­ dement de groupes francs, opérant dans le m...