3894 résultats pour "nationale"

• Nicaraguan Revolution.

  Directorate. Within a year Robelo and Violeta Chamorro left the junta, and the Council of State was reorganized to guarantee an overwhelming Sandinista majority.Elections were postponed, restrictions were placed on the media, and relations with the Roman Catholic Church became increasingly tense. Two non-Sandinistasreplaced Robelo and Chamorro on the junta, but they had little power, and the government’s relations with opposition political parties and the private business sectordeteriorated. A D...

• Library of Congress.

  manuscripts, books, and films. The Digital Library’s eventual goal is to make available 80 million items from the Library of Congress’s collection that are not easilyavailable elsewhere. V ORGANIZATION AND FUNDING The librarian of Congress serves as the director of the institution. Tradition, politics, and strong personalities have shaped the function of this office. Although the Libraryof Congress was established in 1800, the office of librarian was not created until passage of a law in 1802....

• Roumanie.

  La Roumanie est une république démocratique parlementaire dotée d’un pouvoir présidentiel fort. Le renversement de Nicolae Ceauşescu, en décembre 1989, a été suivid’élections présidentielles et législatives en mai 1990. Une nouvelle Constitution, établie en remplacement de celle de 1965, a été approuvée par référendum endécembre 1991. En octobre 2003, une Constitution révisée, harmonisée avec la législation communautaire européenne, est adoptée dans la perspective d’une adhésion àl’Union europée...

• Cours complet d'histoire africaine

  CHAPITRE I : L’IMPERIALISME EUROPEEN EN AFRIQUE Leçon1 : Les causes de l’impérialisme européen en Afrique (2H) OG1 : Comprendre la situation politique de l’Europe au XIX ème siècle OG2 : Comprendre la situation économique de l’Europe au XIX OG3 : Analyser les causes de l’expansion européenne au XIX ème ème siècle siècle Introduction Au début du XIXe siècle, l’Afrique commence à susciter l’intérêt des européens après l’abolition de l’esclavage. Quelles sont les rais...

• Les mécanismes de contrôle régulant la vie démocratique en République du Congo.

  exerçants du pouvoir. Conformément à l’article 16 de la Déclaration des droits de l’Homme de 1789 disposant : « Toute société dans laquelle la garantie des droits n’est pas assurée, ni la séparation des pouvoirs déterminée, n’a point de Constitution ». Ainsi, elle régit la séparation des pouvoirs etgarantit la protection des droits. Toutefois, aucun contrôle ne nous a permis de nous assurer de son respect ce qui nous mène d’une part, à conclure que les exerçants du pouvoir onttoujours dispos...

• Le sac de Nankin

  bombardement [...]. Les ruines, ce qui restait de pierre, de béton, de tôle, de surfaces pavées, tout était littéralement criblé, troué,rongé par l'effet d'un déluge de fer. Je visitai encore la campagne à l'ouest de la ville. Même ici, la guerre avait laissé unedestruction terrible. [...] Dans les champs, on tombait sur l'épouvante de cadavres de soldats chinois gisant encore un peupartout ". Les combats de Shanghai avaient commencé le 13 août - cinq semaines après l' " incident du pont Marc...

• Aux origines du racisme, Drumont part en guerre contre " la France juive "

  Listes nominatives Pour Drumont, " qu'est-ce qui nous gouverne ? Quel est le vrai maître ? C'est le Juif. C'est le Juif qui tient tout dans ses mains ". Pour rendre son combat plus efficace, Drumont élabore les premières listes de juifs exerçant des fonctions importantes dans le monde des affaires, de la banque, de la haute administration ou, encore, du mondejudiciaire et de la presse. De telles listes nominatives seront pratique courante aussi bien dans l'Action française que dans Gring...

• La Première Guerre Mondiale : causes, conflit et conséquences

  et que nous occupons le deuxième rang pour l'importance de notre exportation commerciale, la place où noussommes relégués dans le monde deviendra toujours plus incompréhensible... La plus grande Allemagne est le but dupeuple allemand du XXème siècle." Justification de sa thèse par la rappel de la supériorité naturelle de l'Allemand et de sa place économique dans lemonde. Le pangermanisme, une idéologie allemande prônant une politique expansionniste, créé par Fichte en 1808, est unconc...

• La guerre d'Algérie

  Janv . 1961 --~ -- ~--~-- -- ~~ -- ~ .. ~ -. -.-- ~- Référendum TRAGIQUE DtCOLONISATION • a nsai 1945 Une manifestation organisée à Sétif contre la déportation au Congo de Messali La guerre d'Algérie est la plus Hadj tourne à l'émeute. Plusieurs longue et la plus tragique dizaines de milliers de fellahs des guerres de décolonisation . attaquent des fermes de colons , La présence d'une importante massacrant 103 Européens . population d 'origine eu...

• Dada - peinture.

  groupe de la revue Littérature — fondée en 1919 — André Breton, Philippe Soupault et Louis Aragon, qui finissent quelques années plus tard par délaisser Dada pour donner naissance au surréalisme. Entre 1920 et 1921, le dadaïsme parisien s’illustre par de nombreuses manifestations placées sous les signes du militantisme social et de l’anarchie, et se soldent le plus souvent par des échecs publics. Les dadaïstes ont des tenues vestimentaires et un registre de langue qui s’accordent mal à un au...

• Taïwan.

  dragon et la fête des lanternes. ( Voir Art chinois ;Littérature chinoise ;Musique chinoise). Taïwan possède de nombreux musées et bibliothèques. Les deux plus grandes bibliothèques, situées à Taipei, sont la Bibliothèque nationale centrale, dont le fonds comprend plus de 1,7 million de volumes et la bibliothèque de Taïwan, qui possède382 000 volumes. Les principaux musées de la capitale Taipei sont le musée Hwa Kang, renommé pour ses collections folkloriques et d'art moderne, le Musée national...

• Civil Rights Movement in the United States - U.

  The Great Depression of the 1930s increased black protests against discrimination, especially in Northern cities. Blacks protested the refusal of white-owned businessesin all-black neighborhoods to hire black salespersons. Using the slogan “Don't Buy Where You Can't Work,” these campaigns persuaded blacks to boycott thosebusinesses and revealed a new militancy. During the same years, blacks organized school boycotts in Northern cities to protest discriminatory treatment of blackchildren. The bla...

• Fascism.

  values as coming before a radical political transformation. Others argue that a radical political transformation will then be followed by a change in values. Fascists claimthat the nation has entered a dangerous age of mediocrity, weakness, and decline. They are convinced that through their timely action they can save the nation fromitself. Fascists may assert the need to take drastic action against a nation's 'inner' enemies. Fascists promise that with their help the national crisis will end an...

• Cisjordanie.

  L’économie de la Cisjordanie était essentiellement agricole avant 1967. L’occupation israélienne a entraîné de profonds bouleversements sociaux. Israël a favorisé ledéveloppement d’une main-d'œuvre industrielle en faisant appel à des dizaines de milliers de travailleurs palestiniens employés dans l’industrie israélienne, et notammentdans le secteur du bâtiment. Cette main-d’œuvre journalière, bon marché, accomplit un travail sous-qualifié et précaire. Elle est la première touchée par les mesures...

• La Nation souveraine.

  i•l.!iij,jijUfl ExtraitS de la Constitution de la ye République Article 2 : Le principe de la République est: gouvernement du peu ple, par le peuple et pour le peup le . Article 3 : La souveraineté nationale appartient au peuple qui l'exerce par ses représentants et par la voie de référendum. Le suffrage peut être direct ou indirect dans les conditions prévues par la Constitution. Il est rou jours universel. .. Article 6 : Le président de la République...

• Londres.

  édifices de Londres : le palais de Westminster, siège du Parlement britannique, avec sa célèbre tour de l'Horloge (98 m de haut) et son carillon (Big Ben) ; Whitehall (siègedu gouvernement) ; l'abbaye de Westminster ( XIIIe-XVe siècles) ; Buckingham Palace, résidence officielle de la famille royale ; les Law Courts (palais de justice), la National Gallery et la Tate Britain. C'est là aussi que s'étend Hyde Park, le plus grand espace vert de Londres, qui mène à l'ouest vers les quartiers de Knigh...

• hongroise, littérature.

  romantique dans la littérature hongroise. 4 XIX E SIÈCLE Le renouveau du sentiment national, la part plus grande faite à la conscience sociale caractérisèrent la vie littéraire de ce siècle. Ces thèmes trouvèrent d’abord une expression privilégiée dans les romans de Mór Jókai et surtout de József Eötvös (1813-1871), romancier et homme d’État, qui fut l’initiateur du roman social en Hongrie. À la même période, József Katona (1791- 1830) jetait les bases du théâtre moderne hongrois avec sa tragéd...

• belge, littérature.

  2. 4 Période romantique C’est avec la création du royaume de Belgique, en 1830, qu’une véritable littérature nationale va se former et prendre conscience d’elle-même. La dimension européenne du mouvement romantique permet aux auteurs belges de puiser leur inspiration dans la prodigieuse abondance des œuvres romantiques allemandes, françaises et anglaises. Mais, ce cosmopolitisme ne les empêche pas de se forger un fort sentiment national, qu’ils veulent d’ailleurs très présent dans leurs œuvres....

• Labor Unions in the United States - U.

  National Guard troops were used against the strikers, with the result that the strike was lost and the union that conducted it virtually destroyed. In 1894 a strike by theAmerican Railway Union against the Pullman Palace Car Company was defeated by an injunction issued under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which made acombination or contract in restraint of trade illegal. Thereafter employers used injunctions with increasing frequency and effectiveness as an antistrike weapon. See also Hours...

• Wyoming (state) - geography.

  The basins, which lie in the rain shadow of mountains, are very dry, with an average annual precipitation of about 250 mm (about 10 in) or less; the Great Plains regionhas an annual average of about 380 mm (about 15 in), and the Black Hills region receives slightly more. Thunderstorms and hailstorms are relatively frequent insummer. The annual snowfall ranges from about 500 mm (about 20 in) in the Bighorn Basin to well over 5,100 mm (over 200 in) in the higher mountains, where annualprecipitatio...

• Wyoming (state) - USA History.

  The basins, which lie in the rain shadow of mountains, are very dry, with an average annual precipitation of about 250 mm (about 10 in) or less; the Great Plains regionhas an annual average of about 380 mm (about 15 in), and the Black Hills region receives slightly more. Thunderstorms and hailstorms are relatively frequent insummer. The annual snowfall ranges from about 500 mm (about 20 in) in the Bighorn Basin to well over 5,100 mm (over 200 in) in the higher mountains, where annualprecipitatio...

• Martin Luther King, Jr.

  disorder that local white officials would be forced to end segregation to restore normal business relations. The strategy did not work in Albany. During months ofprotests, Albany’s police chief jailed hundreds of demonstrators without visible police violence. Eventually the protesters’ energy, and the money to bail out protesters,ran out. The strategy did work, however, in Birmingham, Alabama, when SCLC joined a local protest during the spring of 1963. The protest was led by SCLC member FredShut...

• Martin Luther King, Jr.

  disorder that local white officials would be forced to end segregation to restore normal business relations. The strategy did not work in Albany. During months ofprotests, Albany’s police chief jailed hundreds of demonstrators without visible police violence. Eventually the protesters’ energy, and the money to bail out protesters,ran out. The strategy did work, however, in Birmingham, Alabama, when SCLC joined a local protest during the spring of 1963. The protest was led by SCLC member FredShut...

• Île-de-France.

  de ces dernières années sont marquées par un recul de l'agriculture sous la poussée urbaine, par le desserrement industriel vers la banlieue, par la désindustrialisation régionale et, simultanément, par la montée du secteur tertiaire, seul créateur d'emplois. Les trois quarts de la population active francilienne travaillent désormais dans les activités de service, localisées massivement à Paris et dans la banlieue ouest (par exemple, la Défense) et comprenant une part croissante d'emplois fémini...

• California - geography.

  The Basin and Range province is an arid area of mountain ranges, basins, and deserts. In California it is represented primarily by parts of the Great Basin and SonoranDesert sections. Within the Great Basin lies Death Valley, whose lowest elevation, 86 m (282 ft) below sea level, is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere. TheSonoran Desert section is characterized by numerous flat plains separated by low but rugged ranges. It includes the extensive Mojave, or Mohave, Desert. Also in thisprov...

• California - USA History.

  The Basin and Range province is an arid area of mountain ranges, basins, and deserts. In California it is represented primarily by parts of the Great Basin and SonoranDesert sections. Within the Great Basin lies Death Valley, whose lowest elevation, 86 m (282 ft) below sea level, is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere. TheSonoran Desert section is characterized by numerous flat plains separated by low but rugged ranges. It includes the extensive Mojave, or Mohave, Desert. Also in thisprov...

• Au début du XIX e siècle, une nouvelle conception esthétique déferle sur l'Europe ; ses écrivains, ses artistes, ses musiciens vont se ranger sous la bannière romantique.

  devinaient bien que la souveraineté nationale avait partie liée avec le développement de l'État, mais aussi avec la misère sociale que celui-ci entraînait ( Ballades lyriques , 1798, de Wordsworth et Coleridge). C'est pourquoi ils applaudirent d'abord à l'avènement de la Révolution française (en particulier Blake et Wordsworth), avant d'être déçus par le retour à des formes étatiques encore plus despotiques. D'où cette tentation de l'Orient qui gagna Byron ( le Giaour , 1813 ; la Fiancée d'Aby...

• Costa Rica - country.

  protection from future deforestation is not guaranteed. Deforestation places Costa Rica’s rich biodiversity in danger. The country’s location on the cusp between Northand South America and its abundance of tropical forests make it home to a great variety of species, many of them rare and threatened. Deforestation also contributesto the country’s problematic rate of soil erosion. Costa Rica is party to international treaties concerning biodiversity, climate change ( see Global Warming), endangere...

• Tunisia - country.

  mixture of Berber and Arab stock, and they regard themselves as Arabs. Nearly everyone speaks Arabic. The population of Tunisia is concentrated in the coastal plain. It is fairly dense in the hilly north, but the arid plateau, basin, and south are thinly settled. About two-thirds of the country’s people live in urban areas. A Principal Cities The capital and largest city of Tunisia is the seaport of Tunis. Other important cities include Sfax, a port and center of trade on the eastern coast; Sūs...

• Paris (city, France) - geography.

  Théâtre Musical de Paris and the Théâtre de la Ville. Just north of the Hôtel de Ville is the Pompidou Center, also known as Beaubourg, an arts complex devoted to modern and contemporary art and design. The structure,in steel and glass and featuring brightly colored, exposed pipes and ducts, is the work of Italian architect Renzo Piano and British architect Richard Rogers. Itscontroversial pop-art design contrasts sharply with the overall gray hue of the city, and was criticized by many followin...

• Iceland - country.

  III PEOPLE Icelanders are one of the most homogenous peoples in the world. They are predominantly of Nordic origin, descendants of the hardy people who emigrated fromNorway to Iceland in the Middle Ages. There are also some Celtic influences from Irish and Scottish immigrants who arrived from the British Isles ( see Celts). The population of Iceland (2008 estimate) is 304,367. Numerous times in its history, Iceland has suffered major population losses due to epidemics, volcanic eruptions, and...

• Reformation .

  Saxony, he made war against the Schmalkaldic League, a defensive association of Protestant princes. The Roman Catholic forces were successful at first. Later,however, Duke Maurice went over to the Protestant side, and Charles V was obliged to make peace. The religious civil war ended with the religious Peace of Augsburg in1555. Its terms provided that each of the rulers of the German states, which numbered about 300, choose between Roman Catholicism and Lutheranism and enforcethe chosen faith up...

• RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES DE 1914 A 1925 (HISTOIRE)

  - Libertés individuelles- Système représentatif … Entraîne aussi une démocratisation. Dans les états européens, les peuples sont de plus en plus associés à la vie politique = on entre progressivement dans « l'air desmasses ». Mais peu d'états sont encore des démocraties abouties. Par exemple, l'Empire russe se « crispe » sur l'ancien régime. La libéralisation ne progresse paspartout de la même façon à cause des mutations sociales et économiques, qui se font sentir à plein pot à la fin du XIXe. S...

• Alaska - geography.

  depression surrounded by highlands and have the coldest winter and hottest summer temperatures in Alaska. Once the Kuskokwim River passes through theKuskokwim Mountains, it forms the southern edge of a vast lake-studded alluvial plain bounded on the north by the Yukon River. This water-logged lowland is a majorsummer nesting area for birds. Fairbanks is the major city in this region, while Fort Yukon is the major community in the Yukon Flats and Bethel the largest settlementon the Lower Kuskokwi...

• Alaska - USA History.

  depression surrounded by highlands and have the coldest winter and hottest summer temperatures in Alaska. Once the Kuskokwim River passes through theKuskokwim Mountains, it forms the southern edge of a vast lake-studded alluvial plain bounded on the north by the Yukon River. This water-logged lowland is a majorsummer nesting area for birds. Fairbanks is the major city in this region, while Fort Yukon is the major community in the Yukon Flats and Bethel the largest settlementon the Lower Kuskokwi...

• Fidel Castro.

  result, Castro formed a radical branch of the Ortodoxo Party called the Radical Action Orthodox wing. This organization supported Chibás in the 1948 election. PrioSocarrás won the election, despite Castro’s efforts. After Chibás committed suicide in 1951, Castro believed he should become the leader of the Ortodoxo Party and ran for a seat in the Cuban House of Representatives inthe 1952 election. Before that election could occur, however, General Fulgencio Batista staged a bloodless coup d’etat...

• Lima (Peru) - geography.

  home to a wide range of museums, many focusing on Peru’s indigenous heritage. These include the National Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology, the GoldMuseum of Peru, the Museum of the Central Reserve Bank, and the Rafael Larco Herrera Museum, which specializes in pre-Hispanic ceramics. Art and history museumsare also found in metropolitan Lima, including the National Museum of the Republic, the Museum of Peruvian Culture, and the Museum of the Inquisition, in the buildingwhere colonial Cathol...

• Kuwait (country) - country.

  Oil revenues have allowed Kuwait to build an extensive educational system, yielding a literacy rate of 84 percent. Public school is free and compulsory from the age of 6to 13, and several private schools also teach this age group. Kuwait University (founded in 1966) is also free and offers programs in a wide range of professional andscientific fields at several campuses. Both the extensive library system at Kuwait University and the collection at Kuwait National Museum (1957) were heavily damage...

• President of the United States.

  Democrats and Republicans—select delegates to attend their party conventions. Primary voters and caucus participants choose delegates who will support their favoredcandidate at the convention. The party conventions, held in the summer before the November general election, formally nominate the winner of the primaries andcaucuses. Would-be candidates crisscross the states that hold the earliest primaries, especially New Hampshire, which holds the country’s first primary, usually in mid-February....

• Montréal - geography.

  percent), and Eastern Orthodox (2.8 percent) religions. Another 5.4 percent claim no religious affiliation. IV EDUCATION AND CULTURE Montréal has a large number of private schools, most of them partially funded by the province. Like the rest of Québec province, Montréal has two public schoolsystems, one for French speakers and one for English speakers. The Charter of the French Language (1977), known as Bill 101, restricts access to English-languageschools and requires children of immigrants t...

• Montréal - Geography.

  percent), and Eastern Orthodox (2.8 percent) religions. Another 5.4 percent claim no religious affiliation. IV EDUCATION AND CULTURE Montréal has a large number of private schools, most of them partially funded by the province. Like the rest of Québec province, Montréal has two public schoolsystems, one for French speakers and one for English speakers. The Charter of the French Language (1977), known as Bill 101, restricts access to English-languageschools and requires children of immigrants t...

• Le concept de nation et de la nationalité ?

  mortalité qui se traduit par une augmentation rapide de la population. Entre 1800 et 1935 la population européennea triplé (passant de 185 à 530 millions d'habitants), la population française elle-même a presque doublé (de 25 à 40millions d'habitants). La restriction des naissances apparaît alors comme une sorte de «réaction d'équilibration».N'oublions pas qu'en 1932 si le taux de la natalité était tombé, en France, à 17, il était de 14 pour la Suède, de 15pour l'Angleterre, de 16 pour l'Alle...

• Money.

  A Early Monetary Regulations In the American colonies, coins of almost every European country circulated, with the Spanish dollar predominating. Because of the scarcity of coins, the colonists alsoused various primitive mediums of exchange, such as bullets, tobacco, and animal skins. Many of the colonies issued paper money that circulated at varying rates ofdiscount. The first unified currency consisted of the notes issued by the Continental Congress to finance the American Revolution. These no...

• Le role de la France dans la mission FINUL

  L ’origine du conflit israélo -libanais Sous mandat français depuis 1920, le Liban proclame son indépendance en 1943. Le "Pacte national" institue un système politique confessionnel répartissant les pouvoirs entre les Maronites, les sunnites, les chiites, les druzes, et les grecs catholiques et orthodoxes. Le président Camille Chamoun pratique alors une politique pro-occidentale de 1952 à 1958 provoquant une insurrection de nationalistes arabes favorables à Nasser qui es...

• Franklin D.

  Roosevelt entrusted his campaign management to the journalist Louis McHenry Howe. Howe, a genius at politics, performed brilliantly. Henceforth, Roosevelt and Howewere to be almost inseparable, and Howe, a wizened and colorful little man, guided the political fortunes of the Hyde Park aristocrat. B Assistant Secretary of the Navy Even before his reelection to the New York legislature, Roosevelt had entered the national political arena by taking part in the campaign of Governor Woodrow Wilson of...

• Franklin D.

  Roosevelt entrusted his campaign management to the journalist Louis McHenry Howe. Howe, a genius at politics, performed brilliantly. Henceforth, Roosevelt and Howewere to be almost inseparable, and Howe, a wizened and colorful little man, guided the political fortunes of the Hyde Park aristocrat. B Assistant Secretary of the Navy Even before his reelection to the New York legislature, Roosevelt had entered the national political arena by taking part in the campaign of Governor Woodrow Wilson of...

• De la Révolution française à l'empire : De l'abolition des privilèges au Code pénal

  • Un cadre territorial si peu cohérent entrainait lenteurs et conflits de compétence. • Les cahiers de doléances font part des désirs de réformes provenant des différents ordres. • La Constituante étudia différents projets et le 15 février 1790, il lut décidé que le pays serait divisé en départements, eux-mêmes divisés en cantons, à leur tour découpés en communes, constituant encore aujourd'hui les entités locales stables de l'espa...

• Republic of Indonesia - country.

  Mahakam in East Kalimantan and the Martapura and Barito in South Kalimantan. Most of these rivers originate in the island’s central massif (mountain mass) and meander through extensive swamps as they approach the coast. Settlements such as Samarinda and Banjarmasin cluster along the rivers, which serve ascommunication routes into the interior. The largest rivers on Sumatra drain from west to east into the Strait of Malacca. In the north, the Asahan River once linked trade between the Batak peo...

• Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

  Perry declared prohibition unenforceable and canceled the policing contracts for the two provinces. The strength of the force dwindled further as its members wererecruited into the military. Many, including Perry, believed it would not last into peacetime. VI EXPANSION TO A NATIONAL ROLE After the war Newton W. Rowell, a federal cabinet minister, was sent across western Canada to assess the future of the Mounties. The options were either to eliminatethe North-West Mounted Police or to expand i...

• American Civil War.

  free state to keep the balance in the Senate. It also provided that slavery would be excluded from the still unorganized part of the Louisiana Territory. A line was drawnfrom Missouri’s southern boundary, at the latitude of 36°30’, and slavery would not be allowed in the territory north of that line,with the exception of Missouri. B Compromise of 1850 Agitation against slavery continued in the North. The South reacted by defending it ever more strongly. The Mexican War, by which the United Stat...