159 résultats pour "grasses"
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L'éthologie, qui fut longtemps l'étude des moeurs des animaux, c'est-à-dire
Loeb Jacques Lorenz Konrad Pavlov Ivan Petrovitch Les livres éthologie - l'Autrichien Konrad Lorenz, page 1780, volume 4 Les méthodes de l'éthologie animale L'enquête éthologique et l'éthogramme. On peut difficilement observer et enregistrer des comportements sans chercher à comprendre, voire à expliquer leur signification et à tenter d'établir certaines corrélations avec les activités semblables d'autres espèces. L'enquête éthologique pose donc des questions à plusieurs niveaux : qu...
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Hippopotamus - biology.
hippo backs up to its droppings and uses its tail as a paddle, flicking the dung through the air. This creates a pile that can become several meters wide over time. Male river hippos start to establish territories when they are in their early 20s, and they may eventually control more than 250 m (820 ft) of the water's edge.Subordinate males come and go freely, but a rival male will spark a confrontation if it tries to intrude. The territory owner and intruder face each other open-mouthedand, if...
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Pollination - biology.
rapidly as in cross-pollination, because one plant with a beneficial gene can transmit it only to its own offspring and not to other plants. Self-pollination evolved laterthan cross-pollination, and may have developed as a survival mechanism in harsh environments where pollinators were scarce. IV POLLEN TRANSFER Unlike animals, plants are literally rooted to the spot, and so cannot move to combine sex cells from different plants; for this reason, species have evolved effectivestrategies for ac...
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Rhinoceros - biology.
Male and female rhinos have a similar physical appearance, although male rhinos are usually larger than females, with the size difference varying between species. Inthe wild, some rhinos probably live into their late 40s, and they have survived into their 30s in captivity. IV TYPES OF RHINOCEROSES Until recently, mammalogists divided the rhinoceros family into three subfamilies, each with different characteristics. Scientists now believe that living rhinos belong to asingle subfamily, although...
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Règne animal LES PLUMES
Les plumes plus important que voler. Le jeune subit une série de mues, au cours desquelles le duvet est pro gressivement remplacé par des plumes alaires. Les adultes conservent néanmoins une partie de leur duvet pour s'isoler du froid et de la chaleur. Les plumules sont semblables au duvet. Elles produisent une poudre composée de granules de kératine, qui repoussent l'eau et gardent les plumes au sec. Les oiseaux aquatiques, comme les canards, ren...
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Pension bourgeoise (1834). Goriot. Balzac
(Le Père Goriot, I.) QUESTIONS D'EXAMEN I.— L'ensemble. — Nature du morceau : une description. — Description d'une pension bourgeoise, résultant d'uneobservation attentive et minutieuse. — Montrez que l'auteur, aux regards de qui rien n'échappe, indique à la fois lestraits saillants et les plus petits détails; Il est des détails caractéristiques (en signaler quelques-uns), mais n'est-ilpas aussi de menus détails qui auraient pu être négligés ? (quelques exemples); A quel défaut peut donner lieu...
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Le Ventre de Paris
--Garde un instant la boutique, n'est-ce pas?
Le raucourt sert a rendre a la maniotte une belle couleur jaune. Les marchandes croient garder religieusement le secret de cette teinture, qui provient simplement de la graine du rocouyer; il est vrai qu'elles en fabriquent avec des carottes et des fleurs de soucis. A la fin, venez-vous! dit la jeune femme qui s'impatientait et qui n'etait plus habituee a l'odeur infecte de la cave. Mademoiselle Saget est peut-etre deja partie... Elle doit savoir des choses tres-graves sur mon oncle Gavard. Mad...
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Les Violettes
Le grand botaniste et voyageur Johannes Costaeus nous dit que la violette double et très parfumée, qui fera plus tard la renommée de la Ville Rose, est née dans la lointaine Perse et fleurissait au XVIIe siècle les jardins de la Sublime Porte. Ses fleurs étaient alors aussi grandes que de petits boutons de rose. La violette, dite de Parme, passe par Naples avant de s'installer en 1755 dans la région de Grasse où elle est surtout utilisée en parfumerie. Elle est devenue, par l'habileté des hortic...
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WHY I'M NOT WHERE YOU ARE 5/21/63
Your mother and I never talk about the past, that's a rule.
under theNothing doorandstained theSomething hallway,there'snothing tosay. Itbecame difficulttonavigate from Something toSomething withoutaccidentally walkingthrough Nothing, andwhen Something—a key,apen, a pocketwatch—was accidentallyleftinaNothing Place,itnever couldberetrieved, thatwasanunspoken rule,likenearly all ofour rules havebeen. There cameapoint, ayear ortwo ago, when ourapartment wasmore Nothing than Something, thatinitself didn't havetobe aproblem, itcould havebeen agood thing, itco...
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Soccer's Big Show Comes to the United States.
There were many doubters, both overseas and within the United States. Some U.S. sportswriters derided the idea of holding the World Cup in the United States asakin to staging the World Series in India—how could there be any local interest? Foreign critics felt that money was the sole reason for FIFA's decision and that thesport was about to be cheapened to make it acceptable to Americans. The rumors flew: FIFA was going to enlarge the goals, it would allow timeouts (unheard of inthe sport) to ac...
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Europe - geography.
movement of a segment of the Earth’s crust against the stable shield during the Caledonian orogeny (about 500 to 395 million years ago) raised the mountains of Ireland,Wales, Scotland, and western Norway. Subsequent erosion has rounded and worn down these mountains in the British Isles, but the peaks of Norway still reach 2,472 m(8,110 ft). The second major geological region, a belt of sedimentary materials, sweeps in an arc from southwestern France northward and eastward through the Low Countri...
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Soil.
I
INTRODUCTION
Soil, the loose material that covers the land surfaces of
an exchange between plants and the atmosphere, as oxygen diffuses into the soil and is used by roots for respiration. In turn, the resulting carbon dioxide diffusesthrough pore spaces and returns to the atmosphere. This exchange is most efficient in soils with a high degree of porosity. For farmers, gardeners, landscapers, andothers with a professional interest in soil health, the process of aeration—making holes in the soil surface to permit the exchange of air—is a crucial activity. Theburrowi...
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British Columbia - Geography.
hemlock, Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, and various cedars, grows rapidly in the mild, wet climate and produces the largest trees in Canada. In the dry lowlands of thesouthern and central interior, ponderosa and lodgepole pines, aspen, and bunchgrass are characteristic. Spruce dominates the Prince George region. Prairie grasses andstands of aspen are found in the northeastern corner of the province. At elevations higher than about 1,800 m (about 6,000 ft), an alpine vegetation of shrubs, mosses,and...
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British Columbia - Canadian History.
hemlock, Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, and various cedars, grows rapidly in the mild, wet climate and produces the largest trees in Canada. In the dry lowlands of thesouthern and central interior, ponderosa and lodgepole pines, aspen, and bunchgrass are characteristic. Spruce dominates the Prince George region. Prairie grasses andstands of aspen are found in the northeastern corner of the province. At elevations higher than about 1,800 m (about 6,000 ft), an alpine vegetation of shrubs, mosses,and...
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North America - Geography.
D Climate Although North America has considerable climatic variety, five principal climatic regions can be identified. The northern two-thirds of Canada and Alaska, as well as all ofGreenland, have subarctic and arctic climates, in which long, dark, bitterly cold winters alternate with brief, mild summers. Most of the region, which receives relativelylittle precipitation, is covered with snow and ice during much of the year. A second climatic region is made up of the eastern two-thirds of the U...
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Tiger - biology.
have a simple digestive system designed to process meat so that the nutrients can be readily absorbed into the bloodstream. With the exception of white tigers, which have blue eyes, all tigers have yellow eyes. Tigers mainly use vision to find prey. Although tigers see about as well as humansduring the day, their large eye openings gather more light than do human eyes, making tiger night vision far superior to that of humans. In addition, a special structurein the tiger’s eye, called the tapetu...
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Chile - country.
D Plant and Animal Life The indigenous plant life of Chile varies according to climatic zone. Plant life in the northern region includes brambles and cactus and has little variety. Here, theAtacama provides one of the best examples on Earth of an absolute desert. The more humid Central Valley supports several species of cacti, espino (a thorny shrub),grasses, and the Chilean pine, which bears edible nuts. Dense rain forests are located south of Valdivia with laurel, magnolia, false beech, and v...
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Europe .
D Vegetation Although much of Europe, particularly the west, was originally covered by forest, the vegetation has been transformed by human habitation and the clearing of land.Only in the most northerly mountains and in parts of north central European Russia has the forest cover been relatively unaffected by human activity. On the otherhand, a considerable amount of Europe is covered by woodland that has been planted or has reoccupied cleared lands. The largest vegetation zone in Europe, cuttin...
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Europe - Geography.
D Vegetation Although much of Europe, particularly the west, was originally covered by forest, the vegetation has been transformed by human habitation and the clearing of land.Only in the most northerly mountains and in parts of north central European Russia has the forest cover been relatively unaffected by human activity. On the otherhand, a considerable amount of Europe is covered by woodland that has been planted or has reoccupied cleared lands. The largest vegetation zone in Europe, cuttin...
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New Mexico - geography.
New Mexico’s major river is the Río Grande, originating in southern Colorado, and flowing southward for 760 km (470 mi) through the state. Between the San LuisValley and Española Valley the river flows in a deep canyon known as the Río Grande Gorge; then, below White Rock Canyon, it flows through several valleys containingagricultural land. Most of the water of the Río Grande is used to irrigate these valleys. The Río Grande’s waterflow in New Mexico is extremely low. One of the major tributarie...
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New Mexico - USA History.
New Mexico’s major river is the Río Grande, originating in southern Colorado, and flowing southward for 760 km (470 mi) through the state. Between the San LuisValley and Española Valley the river flows in a deep canyon known as the Río Grande Gorge; then, below White Rock Canyon, it flows through several valleys containingagricultural land. Most of the water of the Río Grande is used to irrigate these valleys. The Río Grande’s waterflow in New Mexico is extremely low. One of the major tributarie...
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Manitoba - Geography.
E Plant Life Forests cover 66 percent of Manitoba. The main forest area is divided into the boreal forest and the mixed-wood forest. The boreal, or northern, forest containsconiferous (cone-bearing) trees, especially white and black spruce, balsam fir, and jack pine. South of the boreal forest is the mixed-wood forest, which contains conifers as well as such deciduous trees as white birch, aspen, poplar, and Manitoba maple. Prairie land is found in the southwest, where the natural vegetation i...
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Manitoba - Canadian History.
E Plant Life Forests cover 66 percent of Manitoba. The main forest area is divided into the boreal forest and the mixed-wood forest. The boreal, or northern, forest containsconiferous (cone-bearing) trees, especially white and black spruce, balsam fir, and jack pine. South of the boreal forest is the mixed-wood forest, which contains conifers as well as such deciduous trees as white birch, aspen, poplar, and Manitoba maple. Prairie land is found in the southwest, where the natural vegetation i...
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Venezuela - country.
Venezuela has six navigable rivers. Of the thousand or more streams in the country, the majority flow into the Orinoco. The Orinoco flows east across central Venezuelaand drains approximately four-fifths of the total area of the country. With the tributaries—the Apure, Meta, and Negro rivers—it forms the outlet into the Atlantic Oceanfor the waters of much of the interior of Colombia, as well as of inland Venezuela. F Climate The climate of Venezuela is tropical on the Llanos and along the coas...
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Wyoming (state) - geography.
The basins, which lie in the rain shadow of mountains, are very dry, with an average annual precipitation of about 250 mm (about 10 in) or less; the Great Plains regionhas an annual average of about 380 mm (about 15 in), and the Black Hills region receives slightly more. Thunderstorms and hailstorms are relatively frequent insummer. The annual snowfall ranges from about 500 mm (about 20 in) in the Bighorn Basin to well over 5,100 mm (over 200 in) in the higher mountains, where annualprecipitatio...
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Wyoming (state) - USA History.
The basins, which lie in the rain shadow of mountains, are very dry, with an average annual precipitation of about 250 mm (about 10 in) or less; the Great Plains regionhas an annual average of about 380 mm (about 15 in), and the Black Hills region receives slightly more. Thunderstorms and hailstorms are relatively frequent insummer. The annual snowfall ranges from about 500 mm (about 20 in) in the Bighorn Basin to well over 5,100 mm (over 200 in) in the higher mountains, where annualprecipitatio...
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Trinidad et Tobago (1985-1986)
Le temps des vaches grasses semble révolu. Pour la cinquième année consécutive,
le PNB Per Capita...
Trinidad et Tobago (1985-1986) Le temps des vaches grasses semble révolu. Pour la cinquième année consécutive, le PNB Per Capita a chuté en 1985. Les difficultés du secteur pétrolier expliquent largement ces contre-performances: la production offshore a reculé en 1985 à 9 millions de tonnes. Afin d'enrayer le déclin, le gouvernement a poursuivi son programme d'allégement des taxes sur l'extraction. La principale compagnie, Amoco, a salué cette ouverture en décidant, en mai 1985, d'investir 160...
- Walt Whitman - biography.
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L'industrie laitière
Cette pratique s'est révélée utile pour la qualité du lait et elle a permis de rompre avec l'obligation d'assujettir, dans le temps, la collecte à la traite. LES TECHNIQUE~ INDUSTRIELLES LEUR RAISON D'ETRE _____ _ Le fait, pour l'homme moderne, de vivre dans des agglomérations de plus en plus vastes et de plus en plus éloignées des zones de cultures et d'élevage, a profondément modifié le problème de son alimentation. Le temps n'est plus...
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estampe
1
PRÉSENTATION
estampe, image imprimée au moyen d'une planche gravée ou dessinée sur un support quelconque.
Impression en taille-douce Le papier et la plaque de cuivre gravée et enduite d'encre ont été pressés entre deux rouleaux. La gravure apparaît maintenant sur le papier.Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York Après avoir gravé la planche de métal à l’aide d’un burin, l’artiste applique au rouleau une encre grasse sur toute la surface, en s’assurant que toutes les lignes en creux soient bien enduites. Cette opération effectuée, il essuie soigneusement la planche, afin de ne laisser de l’encre que d...
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Monsieur Parent
--Il n'y avait personne que cette dame qui avait mal au ventre.
Je poussai un cri:Ah! Ça ira! Elle leva ses deux mains avec un désespoir comique, épouvantée de ce mot et balbutiant: Oh! oh! Si on vous entendait.... Puis soudain elle s'écria à son tour:Tiens, c'est toi, Georges! Puis elle regarda avec frayeur si on ne l'avait point écoutée. Mais nous étions seuls, bien seuls! «Ça ira.» Comment avais-je pu reconnaître «_Ça ira_», la pauvre Ça ira, la maigre Ça ira, la désolée Ça ira, dans cette tranquille et grasse fonctionnaire du gouvernement? Ça ira! Que...
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Définition et usage du mot:
BEURRE, substantif masculin.
? Locution famili?re ou populaire. Promettre plus de beurre que de pain. Promettre plus qu'on ne peut donner. Mettre du beurre dans les ?pinards. Am?liorer une situation. Faire son beurre. Faire des profits souvent illicites. L'assiette au beurre. Source de profits. Fondre comme du beurre. Dispara?tre. ?tre tout en beurre ou avoir des mains de beurre (molles). Entrer comme dans du beurre. Entrer tr?s facilement. Compter pour du beurre. Compter pour rien. Pas plus de... que de beurre en branche,...
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Vocabulaire:
CHARRIER1, verbe transitif.
B.? [Le sujet d?signe un autre moyen ou type de transport] 1. [Le sujet d?signe un cours d'eau] Entra?ner, emporter dans son cours. a) La rivi?re charrie des glaces (MARIE-FRAN?OISE-PIERRE GONCTHIER DE BIRAN, DIT MAINE DE BIRAN, Journal, 1816, page 106 ). La Seine charriait des nappes grasses, de vieux bouchons et des ?pluchures de l?gumes, un tas d'ordures (?MILE ZOLA, L'Assommoir, 1877, page 448 ). ? Par m?tonymie. Des foss?s puants charriant les immondices de la ville (HENRI BEYLE, DI...
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commentaire chapitre 1 candide
Il y avait en Westphalie, dans le château de M. le baron de Thunder-ten-tronckh, un jeune garçon à qui la nature avait donné les moeurs les plus douces. Sa physionomie annonçait son âme. Il avait le jugement assez droit, avec l'esprit le plus simple ; c'est, je crois, pour cette raison qu'on le nommait Candide. Les anciens domestiques de la maison soupçonnaient qu'il était fils de la soeur de monsieur le baron et d'un bon et honnête gentilhomme du voisinage, que cette demoiselle ne voulut jamais...
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Vocabulaire:
CHARRIÉ, -ÉE, participe passé et adjectif.
T'SERSTEVENS, L'Itin?raire espagnol, 1963, page 327 ). ? Absolument?: ? 1. ? Hy?res, au mois de f?vrier, j'entendois pr?s d'un ruisseau qui couloit sous mes fen?tres, les blanchisseuses travailler toute la nuit. Dans presque toutes les saisons, on charrie et on va et vient de nuit comme de jour. CHARLES-VICTOR BONSTETTEN, L'Homme du Midi et l'homme du Nord, 1824, page 30. ? Figur?, absolu et vieux. Charrier droit. " Se bien conduire, se gouverner comme l'on doit " (Dictionnaire de l'Acad?m...
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ÉMILE AUGIER (1820-1889). Le Gendre de M. Poirier
POIRIER. — Je le veux. Continuez.VATEL. — Relevé : la carpe du Rhin à la Lithuanienne, les poulardes à la Godard... le filet de bœuf braisé à laNapolitaine, le jambon de Westphalie, rôti madère....POIRIER. — Voici un relevé plus simple et plus sain : la barbue sauce aux câpres... le jambon de Bayonne auxépinards, le fricandeau à l'oseille, le lapin sauté.VATEL. — Mais, monsieur Poirier... je ne consentirai jamais....POIRIER. — Je suis le maître ici... entendez-vous? Continuez.VATEL. — En...
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I
Le nom de famille de mon père étant Pirrip, et mon nom de baptême Philip, ma langue enfantine ne put jamais
former de ces deux mots rien de plus long et de plus explicite que Pip.
Je crois qu’effectivement mesjoues étaient grasses, bienquejefusse restépetitetfaible pourmonâge. « Du diable sije ne les mangerais pas !ditl’homme enfaisant unsigne detête menaçant, jecrois même quej’enai quelque envie. » J’exprimai l’espoirqu’iln’en ferait rien,etjeme cramponnai plussolidement àla pierre surlaquelle ilm’avait placé, autant pourm’ytenir enéquilibre quepour m’empêcher decrier. « Allons, ditl’homme, parle !oùest tamère ? – Là, monsieur ! » répondis-je. Il fit un mouvement, puisqu...
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VOLTAIRE, Candide : chapitre 1 (incipit)
Observons maintenant de plus près les personnages présentés dans cet incipit.II. Des personnages comiques Les noms propres sont pour Voltaire une occasion de donner libre cours à sa fantaisie verbale. 1) Des noms portraits L'étymologie ou les sonorités annoncent le caractère :• Thunder Ten Tronckh, par ses lourdes allitération en [t], tourne en dérision la lignée du baron ; l'étymologie de « Thunder », quiveut dire en anglais « tonnerre », ridiculise ironiquement ses prétentions.• Nous avons déj...
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L'oeuvre de Paul CLAUDEL
C'est l'église que les métiers de Reims m'ont donnée à construiresur l'emplacement de l'ancien Parc-aux-Ouilles,Là où l'ancien Marc-de-l'Eveque a été brûlé cet antan.Premièrement pour remercier Dieu de sept étés grasses dans ladétresse de tout le Royaume,Les grains et le fruit à force, la laine bon marché et belle,Les draps et le parchemin bien vendus aux marchands de Paris et d'Allemagne.[9] Anne et Élisabeth Vercours Élisabeth Vercours n'a qu'une présence discrète dans la pièce. Elle représent...
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Candide, Voltaire, Chapitre I (Incipit)
On peut lire en filigrane dans cette description, une image du paradis qui sera confirmée par l'exclusion de Candide. C. Une présentation de personnages de contes En dernier lieu, les personnages sont assez peu décrits et se résument en général à une caractéristique principale, ce qui lesrapproche des personnages de conte qui sont généralement réduits à des types et n'ont aucune nuance ni complexité. C'est dansce sens que Candide est présenté par une périphrase : « un jeune homme à qui la nature...
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Définition du terme:
CRÈME, substantif féminin.
irisée du plomb qui bout (GEORGES-CHARLES, DIT JORIS-KARL HUYSMANS, La Cathédrale, 1898, page 13 ). Plats blancs épaissis d'une crème d'émail (GABRIELLE COLLETTE, DITE COLETTE, La Naissance du jour, 1928, page 9 ). — En particulier. Eau fangeuse et encombrée de détritus. La crême de l'Adour tourne autour de son axe (...). Grasses sont les couleurs (JEAN COCTEAU, Poèmes, 1916-23, page 270 ). Étangs d'eau croupissante (...) l'un recouvert d'une épaisse crème verte, et de bois flottants (ANDRÉ GIDE...
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Le mot "feu" dans l'oeuvre de DESCARTES
pourquoi ils ne font point le même étant mis en poudre ; ni de ce qu'il se fond assez facilement sur le feu quand il est entier, en considérant qu'il y a plusieurs parties d'eau douceenfermées entre les siennes ; car d'autant qu'elle ne se tire que par la violence d'un fort grand feu, ou du sel pur, ou du sel mêlé avec quelque autre corps fortsec et fort fixe, comme de la brique qui ne sert qu'a l'empêcher de se fondre : il est évident que ses parties sont les mêmes qui ont auparavant composé le...
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Zebra - biology.
C Life Span Captive zebras have lived into their late 30s. Life expectancy in the wild, where predators abound, is probably not much more than 12 years. IV SOCIAL BEHAVIOR Like horses, zebras have large brains and a wide variety of social behaviors. Although they cannot match the overall intelligence of mammals that hunt, zebras interactwith each other in complex ways. Zebras usually live in groups known as herds, but the social structure of these groups depends on the species. The plains zeb...
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Native American Architecture
I
INTRODUCTION
Native American Architecture, traditional architecture of the peoples of who lived in North America before Europeans arrived.
Mound Builders who resided in the area.John Elk III/Bruce Coleman, Inc. Another mound building culture, named Hopewell, also appears to have originated in Ohio but expanded west to Iowa, Kansas, and Oklahoma, south to Louisiana,Mississippi, and Alabama, east to Georgia and the Appalachian Mountains, and north to Wisconsin, Michigan, and lower Ontario in Canada. The Hopewell culture lastedfrom about 200 BC to 400 AD. Hopewell people built large, linear mounds to create enclosures in geometrical...
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Inca Empire.
The Incas’ public works were built through a labor tax known as mit’a. This tax required most people incorporated into the Inca Empire to provide labor for public worksduring certain portions of each year. This labor tax supported large-scale public works that required the marshalling of large labor forces, such as for the building offorts, roads, and bridges, or the mining of metals and gems. It also allowed the emperor to raise large armies to undertake wars of conquest. Road building was impo...
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Inca Empire - History.
The Incas’ public works were built through a labor tax known as mit’a. This tax required most people incorporated into the Inca Empire to provide labor for public worksduring certain portions of each year. This labor tax supported large-scale public works that required the marshalling of large labor forces, such as for the building offorts, roads, and bridges, or the mining of metals and gems. It also allowed the emperor to raise large armies to undertake wars of conquest. Road building was impo...
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Ecuador - country.
F Natural Resources Ecuador’s main mineral wealth is in petroleum. Other mineral resources of the country include gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc. Forests cover 38.3 percent of thecountry. G Plants and Animals Along the northern part of the Ecuador coast, and within the inner portion of the southern coast, tropical jungles abound. In some places the jungles extend up theslopes of the Andes as wet, mossy forests. Dense forests cover both flanks of the Cordilleras, as well as the Oriente, u...
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Native Americans of North America.
addition to smallpox and measles, explorers and colonists brought a host of other diseases: bubonic plague, cholera, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, pleurisy, mumps,diphtheria, pneumonia, whooping cough, malaria, yellow fever, and various sexually transmitted infections. Despite the undisputed devastation wreaked on Indian populations after European contact, native populations showed enormous regional variability in their response todisease exposure. Some peoples survived and, in some cases, even...
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Native Americans of North America - Canadian History.
addition to smallpox and measles, explorers and colonists brought a host of other diseases: bubonic plague, cholera, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, pleurisy, mumps,diphtheria, pneumonia, whooping cough, malaria, yellow fever, and various sexually transmitted infections. Despite the undisputed devastation wreaked on Indian populations after European contact, native populations showed enormous regional variability in their response todisease exposure. Some peoples survived and, in some cases, even...
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Football.
C Special Teams Each team has players who enter the game during special plays such as kickoffs, field goals, punts, and returns. The kicker kicks off at the beginning of a game or half,and after his team has scored. The kicker also scores points for the offensive team by kicking the ball through the goalpost’s vertical posts, also known as the uprights;these scores are called field goals. When the offensive team must surrender the ball to the opponents, a punter comes in to kick the ball downfi...