625 résultats pour "fédéralistes"

• Federal Election Campaign Act

  cription. Les frais de radio et TV sont limités à 8 cents par électeur et les autres à 10 cents (les deux plafonds pouvant se compenser mais non se cumuler). Pour l'élec­ tion présidentielle, un candidat ne peut, à ce titre, dépenser plus de 13,9 millions (dont au maximum 8,4 pour la radio et la TV). 5 Aucune limite n'est imposée aux autres dépenses affiches, brochures, salaires des états-majors, frais de déplacement, etc., ni aux contributions....

• Etat Unitaire – Etat fédéral

• De 1970 à 1979 : République FÉDÉRALE D’ALLEMAGNE

  5 du groupe terroriste. Les autorités refusent de céder aux revendications. En octobre, un Boeing de la Lufthansa est détourné sur la Somalie, à Mogadiscio, par un commando terroriste qui soutient l'action des ravisseurs de Hanns Martin Schleyer et réclame la libération de onze membres de la FAR et de deux Palestiniens. Les autorités ouest-allemandes refusent et envoient un commando antiterroriste pour libérer les otages. L'opérat ion réussit et t...

• Le fédéralisme (géographie).

• FÉDÉRALISTE (Le ) (résumé)

• Europe : la question du fédéralisme revient au premier plan

• CONSTITUTION FÉDÉRALE DES ÉTATS-UNIS D’AMÉRIQUE (résumé & analyse)

• Voisin des États-Unis, le Mexique, État fédéral, est la deuxième grande puissance démographique et économique de l'Amérique latine.

  Californie (Basse-) Chihuahua Madre (sierra) Mexique (golfe du) Popocatépetl Tehuantepec (isthme de) Yucatán La diversité climatique. L'étirement en latitude et l'étagement lié à l'altitude entraînent une grande diversité climatique. Trois grands ensembles naturels peuvent être dégagés : le Sud tropical humide, le Nord semi-aride et le Centre volcanique, où l'Altiplano et les basses terres ont un climat tropical à deux saisons (sèche de novembre à mai et humide de juin à octobre). À la l...

• CONSTITUTION (États-Unis)

  • Dix de ces amendements sont ratifiés en 1791. lis constituent la Déclaration des droits ou Bill of Rights. Y sont consignées les libertés fondamentales auxquelles les Américains sont attachés : la liberté de culte, la liberté d'opinion , la liberté de la presse , la liberté de manifestation, le droit de porter une arme , la protection des accusés contre les abus du pouvoir judiciaire. • l'objectif clairement affiché de cette déclaration était de restre...

• Droit constit 1ere annee

  Séance 2 Les formes de l’Etat Sujet de Dissertation : La France est-elle encore selon vous un régime centralise ? I/ Un état centralise A/ Les bases de la décentralisation : Napoléon, jacobinisme B/Oui centralise mais… II/Les limites de la décentralisation A/La France est toujours un état unitaire B/ Peut-on subsister dans ce modela la avec l’ouverture européenne ? Actualité : Le gouvernement bousculé au Senat : Le torchon brûle entr e le gouvernement et le Front...

• Federalism.

  the Commerce Clause during the New Deal in the 1930s. The New Deal, which President Franklin Roosevelt created to confront the country’s economic depression,included laws affecting nearly every home and workplace. The Supreme Court upheld most of Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives, including laws setting minimum standardsfor pay and working conditions, protecting labor unions, and regulating farm production. After World War II (1939-1945), national authority under the Commerce Clausecontinued to g...

• Trente mois de guerre au Biafra

  Les fédéraux s'emparent de Port-Harcourt. 23 mai 1968 Ouverture de négociations infructueuses à Kampala (Ouganda) entre Biafrais et Nigeria. 20 juillet 1968 Ouverture de négociations, également sans lendemain, à Niamey (Niger). 6 août 1968 Biafrais et Nigérians se rencontrent à Addis-Abeba (Ethiopie) sans succès. 24 août 1968 Les fédéraux s'emparent d'Aba où les combats se prolongent jusqu'en septembre. 18 septembre 1968 Les Biafrais prennent Oguta. 21 décembre 1968 Les f...

• Les élections américaines

    a)     D'un équilibre fédéral à des tensions interétatiques   Tout d'abord, les Constituants avaient pour objectif d'améliorer les relations entre les différents états qui existaient en 1787, pour qu'un équilibre puisse naitre en plaçant les valeurs de la paix et de l'unité en avant. Pour cela, l'instauration d'un équilibre fédéral est mise en place nommant deux niveaux constitutionnels distincts, notamment un Gouvernement à l'échelle fédérale composé de trois organes distincts, législatif, ex...

• Willy Brandt instaure la détente dans les relations Est-Ouest

  Le chancelier fédéral Willy Brandt s'agenouille devant le mémorial des victimes du ghetto de Varsovie, le 7 décembre 1970. Willy Brandt instaure la détente dans les relatio ns Est .. Ouest Lorsque, en octobre 1969, la coalition socialo-libérale arrive au gouvernement sous la respons abilité de Willy Brandt, la politique extérieure de la République fédérale d'Allemagne se transform e. Avec le traité de Va rsovie signé en 1970, le chanc elier va vers...

• Courts in the United States.

  The term circuit derives from the original structure of these courts. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789, trials of certain cases were required to be held before three-judge circuit courts consisting of two Supreme Court justices and the federal trial judge in the district court. In addition to their regular duties, Supreme Court justices were required to ride circuit, traveling from district to district within their assigned circuit, often covering great distances. In 1891 Congress establishe...

• Health Care System in Canada.

  With a few exceptions, provincial health plans cover all medically necessary services, so that patients need not pay directly for anything except so-called incidental costs.These incidental costs include items such as a patient’s private hospital room, unless it is specified by a physician, and transportation to the hospital. Provincial healthplans also do not cover some nonessential procedures, such as laser surgery for the eye, cosmetic surgery, procedures to reverse sterilization, and, in mos...

• L'ETAT RÉGIONAL : Une nouvelle forme étatique ?

  au fédéralisme ou aux mouvements d'indépendance. Ainsi, l'article 5 de la Constitution italienne affirme l'indivisibilité et l'unité de la République, tandis qu'enEspagne, l'article 2 déclare que « la Constitution se fonde sur l'indissoluble unité de la patrie espagnole, patrie commune et indivisible de tous les Espagnols ». b) le contrôle de l'EtatChaque communauté dispose d'un statut propre défini et inscrit dans la constitution de l'Etat. Le statut des communautés autonomes est élaboré par le...

• DGB (Allemagne fédérale)

  en 1957, après une grl!ve de 114 jours, le maintien de leur salaire complet aux victimes d'accidents du travail. 4 Chacune des seiz·e fédérations du DGB mène tous les deux ans des négociations tarifaires avec les employeurs et décide du déclenchement éventuel des grèves. Cha­ cune est autonome sur le plan financier, percevant comme cotisation la contre-valeur d'environ une heure de travail par semaine. De cette somme, environ 10 à 15% sont t...

• Prison.

  Furthermore, experts disagree about whether imprisoning criminals actually prevents further crime. Some critics charge that American prisons simply warehouseviolence—meaning that U.S. prison inmates are confined and incapacitated in large numbers, with little or no effort made to rehabilitate them. Critics have labeled theresult of this process turnstile justice, referring to the fact that most inmates are chronic and persistent offenders and return to prison following conviction for new crime...

• Federal Reserve Board

  opérant sur lee marchés étrangel8. Par l'Intermédiaire de I'Ope.,..Market Committee, Il peut Intervenir sur le mar­ ché des valetlrs d~~tat et des devises. 5 · Pul..-nt et jll!oux· de ses .. prérogatives, le FRB passe pour avoir toujours su r6alaler aux Influences de la Maison Blanche, du Congrès et des groupes de pression (lobbies). Même des présldenta démocrates comme Ke.,.. nedy et Johnson, qui pouvaient craindre que le FRB s'opposAI è leu...

• Constitution of Canada.

  A2 Constitution Act of 1982 The Constitution Act of 1982 patriated Canada’s constitution, allowing Canadian lawmakers to amend the constitution without significant involvement by the United Kingdom. It also established procedures that made it somewhat easier to pass constitutional amendments. Before the act was passed, no amendments could be madewithout the unanimous consent of the provinces. The Constitution Act of 1982 established the so-called 7 and 50 rule, which allows amendments to the...

• Article de presse: Double consécration

  République fédérale s'étendait jusqu'aux anciens territoires allemands situés à l'est de la ligne Oder-Neisse. L'espoir subsistaitqu'un jour plus ou moins lointain cette zone rejoindrait la mère patrie. Après les traités de Moscou et de Varsovie et le traité fondamental, ce mythe s'est effondré. L'Allemagne fédérale se découvrealors non comme un Etat amputé, mais comme un Etat nouveau, de même que son voisin, et au même titre elle est un enfant de laguerre froide. Il n'est qu'apparemment para...

• Quiet Revolution - Canadian History.

  in social policy, that the federal government currently administered. Since the provincial government would be administering these programs, it argued that it wouldrequire a much larger share of the taxes paid by Québec residents. During the period of the Quiet Revolution, especially after Lester Pearson became prime minister in 1963, the federal government met some of the Québec demands.The federal government allowed Québec to take over its programs of youth allowances and university loans, and...

• Money.

  A Early Monetary Regulations In the American colonies, coins of almost every European country circulated, with the Spanish dollar predominating. Because of the scarcity of coins, the colonists alsoused various primitive mediums of exchange, such as bullets, tobacco, and animal skins. Many of the colonies issued paper money that circulated at varying rates ofdiscount. The first unified currency consisted of the notes issued by the Continental Congress to finance the American Revolution. These no...

• Constitution of the United States.

  chief executive should have the power to veto legislation, should be elected by Congress or the people, should be eligible to run for reelection, and should command thearmed forces. Some delegates even hoped for a limited monarchy. Not until September 8, more than three months after the convention started, did the final shape ofthe presidency emerge: a single leader, elected to a four-year term and eligible for reelection, with authority to veto bills enacted by Congress. The president was alsog...

• Constitution of the United States - U.

  chief executive should have the power to veto legislation, should be elected by Congress or the people, should be eligible to run for reelection, and should command thearmed forces. Some delegates even hoped for a limited monarchy. Not until September 8, more than three months after the convention started, did the final shape ofthe presidency emerge: a single leader, elected to a four-year term and eligible for reelection, with authority to veto bills enacted by Congress. The president was alsog...

• Criminal Law.

  for rehabilitative treatment for the offender. On the other hand, the goals of punishment may at times conflict. The retributive and deterrence theories call for theinfliction of unpleasant experiences upon the criminal, including harsh prison treatment; but the prison environment may not be conducive to, or may even defeat,rehabilitation. No one theory of punishment addresses all the goals of criminal law. A combination of theories and goals plays a part in the thinking of the legislators who e...

• Public Education in the United States.

  opportunities for them to break out from whatever social or economic circumstances constrained their development. IV HIGHER EDUCATION During the 20th century participation in higher or postsecondary education in the United States increased as dramatically as it did in American high schools. At thebeginning of the century about 2 percent of Americans from the ages of 18 to 24 were enrolled in a college. There were fewer than 1,000 colleges then, with enrollmenttotaling about 157,000 students. N...

• Civil Rights Movement in the United States - U.

  The Great Depression of the 1930s increased black protests against discrimination, especially in Northern cities. Blacks protested the refusal of white-owned businessesin all-black neighborhoods to hire black salespersons. Using the slogan “Don't Buy Where You Can't Work,” these campaigns persuaded blacks to boycott thosebusinesses and revealed a new militancy. During the same years, blacks organized school boycotts in Northern cities to protest discriminatory treatment of blackchildren. The bla...

• Germany Facts and Figures.

  Nonreligious 17 percent Other 7 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 79.1 years (2008 estimate) Female 82.3 years (2008 estimate) Male 76.1 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 4 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 291 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 112 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 99 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4...

• Autriche.

  Länder doivent faire appliquer les lois fédérales en matière d’élections, de communications et d’assistance publique ; ils gèrent aussi toutes les affaires d’intérêt local qui nesont pas du ressort de l’État. Les districts (Bezirkshauptmannschaften) et les communes sont subordonnés aux Länder. Vienne, capitale et principale ville, a une population (2004) de 1 626 440 habitants. Parmi les autres villes d’importance, on rencontre Graz, centre d’industrie lourde, avecune population de 244 604 ha...

• Denver - geography.

  Denver is the center of professional sports in the Rocky Mountain region. Major league teams are the Denver Broncos (football), Colorado Rockies (baseball), DenverNuggets (basketball), and Colorado Avalanche (ice hockey). Coors Field (opened in 1995) is the home of the Colorado Rockies. The Broncos began play at the newlyconstructed Invesco Field at Mile High in 2001, and the Nuggets and Avalanche play at the Pepsi Center. The National Western Stock Show and Rodeo, one of thelargest such shows i...

• Pierre Elliott Trudeau.

  IV PRIME MINISTER After the resignation of Lester Pearson as leader of the Liberal Party, Trudeau was chosen as his successor, and on April 20, 1968, he became prime minister. He calleda general election and showed himself to be a brilliant campaigner, projecting an image of youthful charm and vitality. He argued for a united Canada with equal rightsfor French- and English-speaking citizens and opposed special status for any province. The voters gave him a substantial majority over Robert Stan...

• Pierre Elliott Trudeau - Canadian History.

  IV PRIME MINISTER After the resignation of Lester Pearson as leader of the Liberal Party, Trudeau was chosen as his successor, and on April 20, 1968, he became prime minister. He calleda general election and showed himself to be a brilliant campaigner, projecting an image of youthful charm and vitality. He argued for a united Canada with equal rightsfor French- and English-speaking citizens and opposed special status for any province. The voters gave him a substantial majority over Robert Stan...

• Un Parlement européen moins fédéraliste

• United States Government.

  Article II establishes an executive department headed by a president and vice president. The article further describes the powers of the offices, the manner of election,and the qualifications for office. Of special significance is the president’s constitutional role as commander of the nation’s armed forces, which assures civilian controlover the military. Because the president is the head of the armed forces and only Congress can declare war, the authority of the military is diffused and its po...

• Judicial Branch.

  courts or from state courts, and a handful come from other parts of the Court’s jurisdiction ( see Supreme Court of the United States: Selecting Cases). The Court typically issues written decisions in fewer than a hundred cases a year. All cases are heard and decided by the entire Court, except in rare cases when a justice choosesnot to participate because of a conflict of interest or other potential prejudicial interest in a case. As with all other federal judges, members of the Supreme Court a...

• Supreme Court of Canada.

  whether the leave to appeal will be granted and the case heard by the Court. The Court has no specified criteria by which it determines whether to grant leave, and the Court does not give reasons for its decision. The key factor appears to be acase’s degree of national importance. Other factors might include the impact of uncertainty in the challenged law, the case’s appropriateness for developing the law torespond to changing social needs, and the presence of a split decision at the court of ap...

• Gun Control.

  Bridgeport, Connecticut, alleged that gun manufacturers acted negligently (not carefully enough) when marketing and distributing their products. The cities contended that gun manufacturers oversupplied gun dealers in areas with weak gun restrictions, knowing that individuals from areas with tougher laws wouldpurchase the guns. Other cities, such as New Orleans, Louisiana, and Atlanta, Georgia, used a different approach in lawsuits against gun makers. These cities allegedthat gun makers failed to...

• LA BOURSE ET SON HISTOIRE (Travaux Personnels Encadrés – Economie - TES)

  LA SURVEILLANCE DES TRANSACTIONS LASBF La Société des bourses françaises gère l'animation et l'organisation des marchés boursiers français. À ce titre, c'est elle qui met en œuvre, suivant une stricte réglementation , l'ensemble des opérations financières que les entreprises cotées sont amenées à conduire au cours de leur vie boursière : augmentation du capital, OPA, OPE, paiement des dividendes et toute autre " opération sur titres ». LA COB Créé...

• Washington, D.

  South of the Federal Triangle is the Mall, a narrow park stretching roughly 1.6 km (1 mi) from the Capitol to the Washington Monument. Although the Mall officially ends at14th Street, landscaped greenery extends to the Potomac. The Washington Monument, whose marble shaft dominates the skyline, stands 169 m (555 ft) high near thecenter of this parkland. The interior of the monument is hollow, and visitors may either climb its 898 steps or ride its elevator 150 m (500 ft) for a magnificent view. A...

• Affirmative Action.

  hiring, purchasing, and other government business. In 1998 Washington State voters passed Initiative 200, a measure that banned affirmative action in state and localgovernment hiring, contracting, and education. Around the same time, federal courts began considering lawsuits from white students denied admission to state universities with affirmative action programs. In somecases, the courts have invalidated such programs on the grounds that they promote reverse racial discrimination. For example...

• Washington, D.

  structures built according to L’Enfant’s plan. During the War of 1812, British troops set fire to the White House, destroying its interior. President James Madison and hisfamily lived in the Octagon while the White House was being rebuilt. South of the Federal Triangle is the Mall, a narrow park stretching roughly 1.6 km (1 mi) from the Capitol to the Washington Monument. Although the Mall officially endsat 14th Street, landscaped greenery extends to the Potomac. The Washington Monument, whose m...

• Article de presse: Guerre civile au Congo

  Ce qu'il faut sans doute retenir de cette phase de l'histoire est que tous les leaders de l'ancienne colonie africaine, de quelquetendance qu'ils fussent, étaient d'accord à la fois sur le principe de l'indépendance et sur la nécessité d'une période plus ou moinslongue de coopération avec la Belgique. Mais, au-delà des attitudes incohérentes des uns, des volte-face ou des flottements des autres, il existe un conflit de base qui,pris en fil conducteur, peut expliquer bien des choses dans la co...

• Pornography.

  censorship. Congress passed 20 obscenity laws between 1842 and 1956, most of which were variations of or amendments to the original Comstock Law. Later, Congress passed aseries of antipornography and anti-indecency laws dealing with new forms of technology and with the protection of children. The Protection of Children Against SexualExploitation Act of 1977 prohibits anyone from employing or inducing a minor to participate in sexual conduct or in the making of pornography. In 1988 Congresspassed...

• Indépendance et guerre civile en Yougoslavie

  en Croatie et que le cessez le feu puisse être contrôlé par des observateurs étrangers. Ils proposent également la réuniond'une conférence de paix ainsi que la constitution d'une commission d'arbitrage. Le gouvernement fédéral accepte le planeuropéen, le 30, la Serbie, et le Monténégro, le 2 septembre. 7 septembre 1991 La conférence de paix proposée par la CEE s'ouvre à La Haye, les Douze ayant renoncé à exiger l'arrêt des hostilités avantl'ouverture des négociations. Lord Carrington, nommé...

• Taxation.

  Thus, corporate income faces a higher tax burden than income earned by individuals or by other types of businesses. Tax legislation passed in 2003 in the United Statesattempted to address this issue by lowering the tax rate on dividends. Some economists have proposed abolishing the corporate income tax and instead taxing the owners of corporations (shareholders) through the personal income tax.Other students of the tax system see the corporate income tax as the price corporations pay in return f...

• Civil Rights and Civil Liberties.

  A Religious Freedom Although religious freedom has not generally been curtailed in the United States, Roman Catholics, Jews, and members of such unconventional Protestant groups as theOneida Community and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have historically been discriminated against and sometimes have even been persecuted,although today overt discrimination has almost vanished. The federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, as well as many state and local laws, prohibits religious discrimi...

• Sexual Harassment.

  A person who believes he or she has experienced sexual harassment on the job has a limited period of time in which to file a complaint with the EEOC. After the EEOCinvestigates the matter, it issues a right to sue letter, regardless of its conclusions about the matter. The victim then has 90 days to file a lawsuit against the employer in federal court. If he or she is successful in the lawsuit, the victim can receive up to $300,000 in compensatory damages for each incident of unlawful harassme...

• Grand oral du bac : LA GUERRE DE SÉCESSION

  La guerre de Sécession L'UNION •• LA CONFÉDÉRATION écession avant Fort Sumter . écession après Fort Sumter • • • 'États non esclavagistes --ttats esclavagistes e Principales batailles naissance du Kansas comme État: les Sudistes font triompher le principe de libre choix des nouveaux États, ouvrant ainsi les terres de l'Ouest à la coloni­ sation des planteurs esclavagistes mais provoquant la grande colère des abolitionnistes et des fermiers...