2322 résultats pour "problêmes"

• Traumatismes profonds pour les générations d'hommes qui en furent les acteurs et les victimes, les guerres mondiales resteront comme les événements les plus marquants du XXe siècle.

  Les corrélats alliance - Triple-Alliance Alsace-Lorraine balkaniques (guerres) Bosnie-Herzégovine Bosnie-Herzégovine - Histoire Entente cordiale François-Ferdinand de Habsbourg Jaurès Jean Sarajevo Serbie Serbie - Histoire 1914-1916 : l'échec de la guerre de mouvement. Les Alliés comme les Empires centraux imaginaient une guerre courte, sans implication des civils. L'Allemagne appliqua aussitôt le plan Schlieffen : dans une manœuvre d'enveloppement par la Belgique, ses troupes défe...

• don d'organes et don du sang

• portugaise, littérature.

  (1572, « Les Lusiades, ou les fils de Lusus », c'est-à-dire les Portugais). C'est peut-être l'un des plus beaux écrits épiques de la Renaissance, éloge des héros portugais de l'ancien temps et, par extension, de la nation tout entière, petite mais toujours indomptée. La découverte de la route des Indes par Vasco de Gama lui fournit le thème de départ de son poème, qu'il enrichit de référence à la mythologie ancienne. L'œuvre culmine dans la glorification éternelle de la conquête de la nature par...

• Pierre Elliott Trudeau.

  IV PRIME MINISTER After the resignation of Lester Pearson as leader of the Liberal Party, Trudeau was chosen as his successor, and on April 20, 1968, he became prime minister. He calleda general election and showed himself to be a brilliant campaigner, projecting an image of youthful charm and vitality. He argued for a united Canada with equal rightsfor French- and English-speaking citizens and opposed special status for any province. The voters gave him a substantial majority over Robert Stan...

• Pierre Elliott Trudeau - Canadian History.

  IV PRIME MINISTER After the resignation of Lester Pearson as leader of the Liberal Party, Trudeau was chosen as his successor, and on April 20, 1968, he became prime minister. He calleda general election and showed himself to be a brilliant campaigner, projecting an image of youthful charm and vitality. He argued for a united Canada with equal rightsfor French- and English-speaking citizens and opposed special status for any province. The voters gave him a substantial majority over Robert Stan...

• Religion et modernité

• Cours d'institutions juridictionelle

• consti

  Droit international publique➔ “ Une branche fondamentale du droit public interne “ ( Vedel ) “ Chaque branche du droit public ➔ s’enracine dans le droit constitutionnel, en se rapportant à un aspect particulier de l’organisation et de l’activité de l’Etat dont le droit constitutionnel règle les problèmes fondamentaux . Ex : Droit administratif : Il envisage l’organisation et l’activité de l’Etat et des autres collectivités publiques sous l’angle de la satisfaction des besoins d’inté...

• Droit constitutionel

  Droit international publique➔ “ Une branche fondamentale du droit public interne “ ( Vedel ) “ Chaque branche du droit public ➔ s’enracine dans le droit constitutionnel, en se rapportant à un aspect particulier de l’organisation et de l’activité de l’Etat dont le droit constitutionnel règle les problèmes fondamentaux . Ex : Droit administratif : Il envisage l’organisation et l’activité de l’Etat et des autres collectivités publiques sous l’angle de la satisfaction des besoins d’inté...

• Stem Cell.

  The medical profession used adult stem cells to treat diseases long before anyone isolated one. In 1968 scientists performed the first successful bone marrowtransplant, a procedure in which a patient receives an infusion of healthy bone marrow cells. The purpose of such transplants is to restore the blood-making capabilitiesof the patient’s diseased bone marrow after extremely strong chemotherapy has destroyed that bone marrow. From the beginning investigators suspected that stemcells in the inf...

• Antigua and Barbuda - country.

  The monetary unit of Antigua and Barbuda is the East Caribbean (EC) dollar of 100 cents (2.70 East Caribbean dollars equal U.S.$1, a fixed rate since 1976). VI ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS The growth of the tourist industry has created some environmental problems, including uncontrolled disposal of sewage from hotels on the beach. Hotel developmentalso threatens the Antiguan mangrove trees. Water management is another major area of concern because of limited natural freshwater resources. Coral reefs...

• la société de l’information

• Grecia - geografía.

  nivel de contaminación. El Gobierno también incentiva el uso de automóviles con bajo nivel de contaminación. Otra medida importante para combatir la contaminación hasido la utilización de paneles solares para aprovechar la energía. La contaminación del agua es otro de los problemas que enfrenta Grecia. Los residuos de cerca del 50% de los puntos de actividad industrial, además de todas las cloacasde Atenas, desembocan en el golfo de Egina. Gran parte de estos residuos no son tratados. La contami...

• Smoking.

  causes about 20 times the number of deaths in the United States than all other addictive drugs combined. Smoking cessation methods are plentiful, and many books and products are available to help an individual stop smoking. Many smokers turn to group help because ofthe support and understanding provided by other former smokers or people trying to quit. Most successful group-help techniques involve a challenge and rewardsystem that also bolsters the self-discipline of the former smoker. A number...

• Exercise.

  broad, and most studies suggest a positive relationship between physical fitness and mental achievement. The relationship between regular aerobic exercise and cardiovascular health and longevity is well established. Regular exercise leads to a reduction in the risk ofcoronary heart disease, in which fatty deposits (plaque) form in blood vessels supplying the muscular wall of the heart, compromising oxygen delivery to the heartmuscle. In addition, with regular exercise the efficiency of the heart...

• Guerre mondiale, Seconde

• Spanischer Film.

  viele von ihnen gaben später selbst Unterricht: Regisseure wie Berlanga, Bardem, Carlos Saura, Pilar Miró und Víctor Erice sowie Aufnahmeleiter wie Luis Cuadrado, TeoEscamilla, José Luis Alcaine und Xabier Aguirresarobe. Gegen Ende der fünfziger Jahre erfolgte eine Liberalisierung des kulturellen Lebens, und Regisseure wie der in Spanien arbeitende Italiener Marco Ferreri ( El pisito, 1958; Die kleine Wohnung ) und Carlos Saura ( Los golfos, 1959; Die Straßenjungen ) debütierten mit Filmen, d...

• Big Bang Theory - astronomy.

  hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen atoms can only absorb and emit specific colors, or wavelengths, of light. The formation of atoms allowed many other wavelengths of light,wavelengths that had been interfering with the free electrons prior to the cooling of the universe, to travel much farther than before. This change set free radiation thatwe can detect today. After billions of years of cooling, this cosmic background radiation is at about 3 K (-270°C/-454°F).The cosmic background radiation was first d...

• Inflation und Deflation.

  4 URSACHEN Zu einer die Nachfrage erhöhenden Inflation kommt es, wenn die Gesamtnachfrage das vorhandene Angebot übersteigt und dadurch zwangsläufig Preissteigerungen undeine Erhöhung der Lohn-, Material-, Betriebs- und Finanzierungskosten bewirkt. Eine Kosten steigernde Inflation entsteht, wenn die Preise steigen, um die Gesamtkosten zudecken und die Gewinnspanne zu erhalten. Schließlich entwickelt sich eine Branchen übergreifende Kosten-Preis-Spirale, da Firmen und öffentliche Einrichtungen a...

• Lima (Peru) - geography.

  home to a wide range of museums, many focusing on Peru’s indigenous heritage. These include the National Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology, the GoldMuseum of Peru, the Museum of the Central Reserve Bank, and the Rafael Larco Herrera Museum, which specializes in pre-Hispanic ceramics. Art and history museumsare also found in metropolitan Lima, including the National Museum of the Republic, the Museum of Peruvian Culture, and the Museum of the Inquisition, in the buildingwhere colonial Cathol...

• Republic of Indonesia - country.

  Mahakam in East Kalimantan and the Martapura and Barito in South Kalimantan. Most of these rivers originate in the island’s central massif (mountain mass) and meander through extensive swamps as they approach the coast. Settlements such as Samarinda and Banjarmasin cluster along the rivers, which serve ascommunication routes into the interior. The largest rivers on Sumatra drain from west to east into the Strait of Malacca. In the north, the Asahan River once linked trade between the Batak peo...

• España - geografía.

  2.5 Temas medioambientales La tierra básicamente montañosa y semiárida de España alberga más de 5.000 especies vegetales diferentes. Los bosques cubren el 35,4% (2005) del país, aunque estascifras incluyen formaciones de pinos y eucaliptos plantados para estabilizar el suelo o para aprovechar su pulpa, utilizada en la fabricación de papel. La tierra agrícolacomprende el 37,3% del país. Entre las áreas protegidas de España hay parques nacionales, parques naturales y regionales, reservas marítima...

• Hormone.

  women is called a follicle-stimulating hormone. When a follicle-stimulating hormone binds to an ovary cell, it stimulates the enzymes needed for the synthesis ofestradiol, a female sex hormone. Another gonadotropin called luteinizing hormone regulates the production of eggs in women and the production of the male sexhormone testosterone. Produced in the male gonads, or testes, testosterone regulates changes to the male body during puberty, influences sexual behavior, and playsa role in growth. T...

• Trigonometry I INTRODUCTION Trigonometry, branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the sides and angles of triangles and with the properties and applications of the trigonometric functions of angles.

  If point P, in the definition of the general trigonometric function, is on the y-axis, x is 0; therefore, because division by zero is inadmissible in mathematics, the tangent and secant of such angles as 90°, 270°, and -270° do not exist. If P is on the x-axis, y is 0; in this case, the cotangent and cosecant of such angles as 0°, 180°, and - 180° do not exist. All angles have sines and cosines, because r is never equal to 0. Since r is greater than or equal to x or y, the values of si...

• Antibiotics.

  In some species of bacteria the cell wall consists primarily of a thick layer of peptidoglycan. Other species have a much thinner layer of peptidoglycan and an outer aswell as an inner membrane. When bacteria are subjected to Gram's stain, these differences in structure affect the differential staining of the bacteria with a dye calledgentian violet. The differences in staining coloration (gram-positive bacteria appear purple and gram-negative bacteria appear colorless or reddish, depending on t...

• Barbados - country.

  Barbados is served by a public library system centered in Bridgetown. B Culture The culture of Barbados combines English institutions, which evolved through more than three centuries of English rule, with a folk culture of African origin. Because ofits English traditions, Barbados is sometimes called “Little England.” Cricket has traditionally been the national game, and the island has produced some of the sport’sgreatest players. Water sports including surfing, swimming, snorkeling, and sailin...

• Warsaw - geography.

  VI ECONOMY In addition to serving as Poland's leading administrative center, Warsaw is also a center for science, research, and higher education. Since World War II the city'sindustrial base has been developed, with diverse plants producing steel, cars, tractors, and consumer electronics. Warsaw is the second most important industrial regionin Poland (after Katowice in the south). Warsaw, more than anywhere else in the country, has benefited from the boom in construction and commerce that foll...

• Le rôle de l'infirmier dans la prise en

• California - geography.

  The Basin and Range province is an arid area of mountain ranges, basins, and deserts. In California it is represented primarily by parts of the Great Basin and SonoranDesert sections. Within the Great Basin lies Death Valley, whose lowest elevation, 86 m (282 ft) below sea level, is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere. TheSonoran Desert section is characterized by numerous flat plains separated by low but rugged ranges. It includes the extensive Mojave, or Mohave, Desert. Also in thisprov...

• California - USA History.

  The Basin and Range province is an arid area of mountain ranges, basins, and deserts. In California it is represented primarily by parts of the Great Basin and SonoranDesert sections. Within the Great Basin lies Death Valley, whose lowest elevation, 86 m (282 ft) below sea level, is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere. TheSonoran Desert section is characterized by numerous flat plains separated by low but rugged ranges. It includes the extensive Mojave, or Mohave, Desert. Also in thisprov...

• San Antonio (city, Texas) - geography.

  The SBC Center is the home venue for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the San Antonio Silver Stars of the Women's NationalBasketball Association (WNBA). The dome also serves as the site for the Alamo Bowl, an annual post-season college football game. Large themed amusement parks inthe San Antonio area are Fiesta Texas and Sea World of Texas. San Antonio’s major annual event is the Fiesta, a ten-day celebration in late April with carnivals, ethnic feasts, art...

• conquête de Mars

• Sir Robert Borden.

  of the British Empire, Laurier proposed creating a Canadian navy that in case of war could be incorporated into the British navy. The plan was opposed by theConservatives, who thought that Canada should simply provide ships for the British navy. The Québec nationalists also opposed the plan because they did not wantCanada either to participate in the British navy or to have a navy of its own. At the last moment before election day in 1911 it looked as if the Liberals might win. The government ne...

• Sir Robert Borden - Canadian History.

  of the British Empire, Laurier proposed creating a Canadian navy that in case of war could be incorporated into the British navy. The plan was opposed by theConservatives, who thought that Canada should simply provide ships for the British navy. The Québec nationalists also opposed the plan because they did not wantCanada either to participate in the British navy or to have a navy of its own. At the last moment before election day in 1911 it looked as if the Liberals might win. The government ne...

• Peut-on concevoir une société juste sans que les hommes ne le soient ?

  a) Pourtant, comme Kant le note dans l'« Annexe 1 » du Projet de Paix perpétuelle : « Le problème de l'Etat, aussi difficile qu'il paraisse, n'est pas insoluble, même pour un peuple de démons (pourvu qu'ils aient un entendement) ».Si l'homme n'est pas juste, les démons ne sont-il pas le paradigme de cette incapacité à être juste ? Ils en sont lecontraire. Cependant, comme Kant le note l'institution d'Etat administrant le droit donc d'une société juste estpossible pour ses derniers. A f...

• Cold War.

  With this, all the countries of Eastern Europe were under Communist control, and the creation of the Soviet bloc was complete. The events of 1948 contributed to agrowing conviction among political leaders in both the United States and the USSR that the opposing power posed a broad and fundamental threat to their nation’sinterests. The Berlin blockade and the spread of Communism in Europe led to negotiations between Western Europe, Canada, and the United States that resulted in the NorthAtlantic...

• Cold War .

  With this, all the countries of Eastern Europe were under Communist control, and the creation of the Soviet bloc was complete. The events of 1948 contributed to agrowing conviction among political leaders in both the United States and the USSR that the opposing power posed a broad and fundamental threat to their nation’sinterests. The Berlin blockade and the spread of Communism in Europe led to negotiations between Western Europe, Canada, and the United States that resulted in the NorthAtlantic...

• Cold War - U.

  With this, all the countries of Eastern Europe were under Communist control, and the creation of the Soviet bloc was complete. The events of 1948 contributed to agrowing conviction among political leaders in both the United States and the USSR that the opposing power posed a broad and fundamental threat to their nation’sinterests. The Berlin blockade and the spread of Communism in Europe led to negotiations between Western Europe, Canada, and the United States that resulted in the NorthAtlantic...

• Burundi - country.

  D Way of Life Most Burundians live in self-contained compounds of small round grass huts scattered over the country’s many hills. The rugo , the traditional Tutsi hut, is divided into sections and surrounded by an enclosure and cattle corrals. Families farm scattered plots of land on different soils at different altitudes to minimize crop failure. Thefloors of valleys are avoided due to higher temperatures and tsetse fly infestation. Social roles are largely determined by ethnicity, with the T...

• Nicaraguan Revolution.

  Directorate. Within a year Robelo and Violeta Chamorro left the junta, and the Council of State was reorganized to guarantee an overwhelming Sandinista majority.Elections were postponed, restrictions were placed on the media, and relations with the Roman Catholic Church became increasingly tense. Two non-Sandinistasreplaced Robelo and Chamorro on the junta, but they had little power, and the government’s relations with opposition political parties and the private business sectordeteriorated. A D...

• Diving (underwater).

  compensator (or control) device (BCD or BC), which the diver wears as a vest. By adding air to the BCD, the diver becomes more buoyant and rises. By releasing air,the diver becomes less buoyant and sinks. With minor adjustments of air, the diver can achieve neutral buoyancy. A third hose attaches to pressure gauges that diversuse to monitor how much air remains in the tank. A fourth hose attaches to a backup breathing device called an alternate air source, or octopus. Divers also wear a belt w...

• Cat. I INTRODUCTION Cat, small, mainly carnivorous animal, Felis silvestris catus, member of

  D Coat Colors The domestic cat's original coat color was probably grayish-brown with darker tabby stripes, a color that provides excellent camouflage in a variety of environments. Allother coat colors and patterns are the result of genetic mutations; for example, solid coat colors such as black and blue are the result of a gene that suppresses tabbystripes; an orange coat is the result of a gene that transforms black pigment to orange; and a solid white coat is the result of a gene that complet...

• Cat - biology.

  D Coat Colors The domestic cat's original coat color was probably grayish-brown with darker tabby stripes, a color that provides excellent camouflage in a variety of environments. Allother coat colors and patterns are the result of genetic mutations; for example, solid coat colors such as black and blue are the result of a gene that suppresses tabbystripes; an orange coat is the result of a gene that transforms black pigment to orange; and a solid white coat is the result of a gene that complet...

• Panama Canal - Geography.

  The size of ships using the Panama Canal has steadily increased. About 27 percent of the vessels that use the canal are built to the maximum dimensions that can passthrough it (a category called “Panamax”). This has prompted further widening of Gaillard Cut, so that the larger Panamax vessels may transit safely. However, some ofthe world’s commercial and military ships are too large for the canal. Since the 1940s, new U.S. battleships and aircraft carriers have been built exceeding the canal’sdi...

• EXEMPLES DE SUJETS PAR NOTIONS

  La technique du   commen ta i re composé L’introduction R e m a r q ues p r é l i m i n a i r es : Il est généralement conseillé d’écrire des phrases complexes. Quelques éléments relatifs à l’auteur peuvent être formulés, à condition qu’ils éclairent la lecture du texte en question. Au tout début de l’ i n t roduct ion du commen ta i re composé , il ne faut pas omettre l’entrée en matière. Le plan, quant à lui, doit être énoncé clairement et élégamment à la fin d...

• Abortion.

  Intact dilation and extraction, also referred to as a partial birth abortion, consists of partially removing the fetus from the uterus through the vaginal canal, feet first,and using suction to remove the brain and spinal fluid from the skull. The skull is then collapsed to allow complete removal of the fetus from the uterus. III SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES Abortion has become one of the most widely debated ethical issues of our time. On one side are pro-choice supporters—individuals who favor a...

• Bahrain - country.

  A Religion Almost all Bahrainis and the majority of nonnatives are followers of Islam (Muslims). About 70 percent of all native Bahrainis belong to the Shia branch of Islam, whilethe remainder, including the ruling al-Khalifa clan, are adherents of the Sunni branch. Non-Muslims, including Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, and Jews, account for 15percent of the total population. High unemployment among the Shia population has caused considerable discontent on the part of this group toward the Sunni...

• Tunisia - country.

  mixture of Berber and Arab stock, and they regard themselves as Arabs. Nearly everyone speaks Arabic. The population of Tunisia is concentrated in the coastal plain. It is fairly dense in the hilly north, but the arid plateau, basin, and south are thinly settled. About two-thirds of the country’s people live in urban areas. A Principal Cities The capital and largest city of Tunisia is the seaport of Tunis. Other important cities include Sfax, a port and center of trade on the eastern coast; Sūs...

• Apollo Program - astronomy.

  Moon’s orbit; rendezvousing and docking with the CSM; and finally, setting a course home to Earth. On return to Earth, the spacecraft was slowed by drag from Earth’satmosphere and by parachutes (just before splashdown), before landing in the ocean. The transit time to and from the Moon was approximately three days each way.Depending on the specific mission, the time in lunar orbit ranged from less than one day for Apollo 8 to over six days for the final three missions, and the time on thelunar s...

• Apollo Program - U.

  Moon’s orbit; rendezvousing and docking with the CSM; and finally, setting a course home to Earth. On return to Earth, the spacecraft was slowed by drag from Earth’satmosphere and by parachutes (just before splashdown), before landing in the ocean. The transit time to and from the Moon was approximately three days each way.Depending on the specific mission, the time in lunar orbit ranged from less than one day for Apollo 8 to over six days for the final three missions, and the time on thelunar s...