61 résultats pour "background"
- Can people of different backgrounds, races and cultures, ever be truly assimilated by others ?
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Big Bang Theory - astronomy.
hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen atoms can only absorb and emit specific colors, or wavelengths, of light. The formation of atoms allowed many other wavelengths of light,wavelengths that had been interfering with the free electrons prior to the cooling of the universe, to travel much farther than before. This change set free radiation thatwe can detect today. After billions of years of cooling, this cosmic background radiation is at about 3 K (-270°C/-454°F).The cosmic background radiation was first d...
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Perception (psychology).
A4 Closure According to the law of closure, we prefer complete forms to incomplete forms. Thus, in the drawing below, we mentally close the gaps and perceive a picture of a duck. This tendency allows us to perceive whole objects from incomplete and imperfect forms. A5 Common Fate The law of common fate leads us to group together objects that move in the same direction. In the following illustration, imagine that three of the balls are moving in one direction, and two of the balls are mo...
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North America - Geography.
D Climate Although North America has considerable climatic variety, five principal climatic regions can be identified. The northern two-thirds of Canada and Alaska, as well as all ofGreenland, have subarctic and arctic climates, in which long, dark, bitterly cold winters alternate with brief, mild summers. Most of the region, which receives relativelylittle precipitation, is covered with snow and ice during much of the year. A second climatic region is made up of the eastern two-thirds of the U...
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Infrared Astronomy - astronomy.
ft above sea level. With the launch of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), by the United States, the United Kingdom, and The Netherlands in 1983, infraredastronomy took another leap forward. This mission surveyed the entire sky at wavelengths of 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns (1 micron is a millionth of a meter) until itsonboard supply of liquid helium ran out. A short time later infrared astronomy was revolutionized by the first introduction of devices that could take infrared images. Thea...
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Colour and qualia
Faced with the dilemmas posed by subjective colour for physicalist doctrine, some philosophers opt for eliminativism, the doctrine that subjective colour is not a genuine, or real, phenomenon after all. On this view the source of the puzzle is a conceptual confusion; a tendency to extend our judgments concerning objective colour, what appear to be intrinsic properties of the surfaces of physical objects, onto the properties of our mental states. Once we see that all that is happening ‘inside'...
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Census.
Prior to any census, a census agency must develop an accurate list of addresses and maps to ensure that everyone is counted. The U.S. Census Bureau obtainsaddresses primarily from the United States Postal Service and from previous census address lists. It also works closely with state, local, and tribal governments tocompile accurate lists. Finally, census agencies often conduct an extensive marketing campaign before Census Day to remind the general population about theimportance of responding t...
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Cosmology - astronomy.
In 1917 American scientist Harlow Shapley measured the distance to several groups of stars known as globular clusters. He measured these distances by using amethod developed in 1912 by American astronomer Henrietta Leavitt. Leavitt’s method relates distance to variations in brightness of Cepheid variables, a class of starsthat vary periodically in brightness. Shapley’s distance measurements showed that the clusters were centered around a point far from the Sun. The arrangement of theclusters was...
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X-Ray Astronomy - astronomy.
Some neutron stars have weaker magnetic fields that allow incoming material to settle onto the entire surface of the neutron star. Eventually, so much material buildsup that the surface layer becomes dense enough to set off a vast thermonuclear explosion, called an outburst. The explosion heats gas to produce X rays. Such aneutron star—called an X-ray burster—can increase its X-ray production by a million times during an outburst. The X-ray glow fades over time, and the binary systementers a lon...
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Linton Fondement culturel
Ralph Linton (1945) Le fondement culturel de la personnalité 2 Cette édition électronique a été réalisée par Jean-Marie Tremblay, professeur de sociologie à partir de : Ralph Linton (1945), Le fondement culturel de la personnalité Collection “Sciences de l’éducation”, no 11. Traduction de l’ouvrage anglais “The Cultural Background of Personality.”. Paris : Bordas, 1977, 138 pages. Traduit de l’Anglais par Andrée Lyotard. Préface de Jean-Claude Filloux Polices...
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Library (institution).
rooms, special galleries for exhibitions, auditoriums for lectures or concerts, computer rooms, children’s rooms, photocopy rooms, and classrooms. A3 Lending Materials As part of their mission to provide information resources to the community, public libraries allow users to borrow items from their collections for limited amounts of time.To be eligible to borrow public library materials, a user must register her or his name, address, and other basic information with the local library’s circulat...
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Native American Art.
folding, braiding or weaving, could also be sewn onto the hide. The production of decorated clothing and bags increased after contact with Europeans as a greater variety of textiles and other materials became available throughtrade. Imported glass beads inspired native women, who quickly adapted quillwork techniques for the creation of beaded apparel. European curvilinear and floraldesigns of the 19th century proved as meaningful for the native women who worked with them as they were for the non...
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United States (Overview) - country.
parts. IV UNITED STATES PEOPLE When Europeans first reached North America in the 1520s, they encountered other people—Native Americans—and they also encountered a new geography. Someimagined they were entering “a howling wilderness”—an environment filled with exotic flora and fauna but sparsely populated. In reality, they found their way to alandmass that was widely settled. But soon after the Europeans’ arrival, the population of the Americas plummeted, largely because Native Americans lacked...
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United States Government.
Article II establishes an executive department headed by a president and vice president. The article further describes the powers of the offices, the manner of election,and the qualifications for office. Of special significance is the president’s constitutional role as commander of the nation’s armed forces, which assures civilian controlover the military. Because the president is the head of the armed forces and only Congress can declare war, the authority of the military is diffused and its po...
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Peut on unifier l'histoire ?
et des deux caractéristiques propres à Dieu : sa toute-puissance et sa bonté. Dès lors, les événements chaotiques de l’histoire ne remettent aucunement en question le développement de ce que Hegel nomme l’Esprit Absolu, c’est-à-dire la raison humaine qui finira à terme par se révéler pleinement à elle-même. Bien au contraire, c’est à travers les périodes de l’histoire que l’Esprit absolu s’accomplira, c’est par la force de cette contradiction, de ce que ces évènements opposent à la raison,...
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Roman Art and Architecture - history.
house, records office, and basilica. Imperial Forum, RomeThe Roman Forum was founded at the beginning of the Roman republic (around 500 bc), and it continued to develop into the late 2ndcentury ad. Among the ruins seen here are the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina (since converted into a church, background, left),the foundations of the Basilica Julia (foreground, center), and the three remaining columns of the Temple of Castor and Pollux(background, right).Donadoni/Bruce Coleman, Inc. The basili...
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Dark Matter - astronomy.
observed, and the measured frequency of such events has placed limits on how much dark matter can take the form of MACHOs. From the observations that have beenmade by astronomers, it is now known that MACHOs cannot be the dominant constituent of dark matter. There are simply not enough such gravitational lenses. Physicists suspect that a more exotic form of cold dark matter must exist. This form is not baryonic. Like neutrinos, this form barely interacts with ordinary matter, butis some type of...
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Cubism
I
INTRODUCTION
Cubism, movement in modern art, especially in painting, invented by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso and French artist Georges Braque in 1907 and 1908.
Mont Sainte-Victoire by CézanneFrench artist Paul Cézanne painted Mont Sainte-Victoire, a mountain near his home in Provence in southern France, onmany occasions. Over time, the images he produced became flatter, less realistic, and more abstract. In this late version,painted from 1902 to 1904, patches of color barely indicate the mountain, sky, and foreground, while creating a rhythmicpattern across the painting’s surface. The mountain and sky, both intensely blue, appear almost to merge.Philad...
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Central America - Geography.
F Animal Life Most of the animal life of Central America is similar to that of South America, but some animals have ties with North America. The marley and opossum have links withSouth America, as do the jaguar, ocelot, jaguarundi, and margay, which are members of the cat family. In contrast, the puma, gray fox, and coyote are of NorthAmerican origin. The armadillo, anteater, and sloth have ties to the south, deer to the north. The large manatee, an aquatic plant eater, survives in the isolated...
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Extinction (biology) - biology.
III ROLE OF MASS EXTINCTION IN EVOLUTION Historically biologists—most famous among them British naturalist Charles Darwin—assumed that extinction is the natural outcome of competition between newlyevolved, adaptively superior species and their older, more primitive ancestors. These scientists believed that newer, more highly evolved species simply drove less well-adapted species to extinction. That is, historically, extinction was thought to result from evolution. It was also thought that this...
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Byzantine Art and Architecture
I
INTRODUCTION
Archangel Michael
This depiction of the archangel Michael, in Saint Mark's Cathedral in Venice, Italy, is an example of ancient enamel art.
This Byzantine ivory relief shows Christ the Pantocrator, or ruler of the world, raising his hand in a gesture of blessing. Itcomes from the cover of a lectionary, or book containing portions of the scriptures, and dates from the second golden ageof Byzantine art, the late 10th century. The relief is in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, England.Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York Mosaics were the favored medium for the interior adornment of Byzantine churches. The small cubes, or tesserae, t...
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Telescope - astronomy.
Observatory). In some telescopes designed in the 1990s, the mirror’s weight has been dramatically reduced by sandwiching a honeycomb pattern of glass ribs between a thin, butrigid, concave mirror and a flat back plate. Engineers have even developed meniscus mirrors—mirrors that are too thin to support their own weight. An adjustableframework supports the meniscus mirror, and servomechanical actuators, controlled by computer, continually adjust the shape of the mirror as it tracks celestial tar...
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Evolution - biology.
genetic diversity to extinction. Sexual reproduction ensures that the genes in a population are rearranged in each generation, a process termed recombination. Although the combinations of genes inindividuals change with each new generation, the gene frequency, or ratio of different alleles in the entire population, remains relatively constant if no evolutionaryforces act on the population. One such force is the introduction of new genes into the genetic material of the population, or gene pool...
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Renaissance Art and Architecture
I
INTRODUCTION
Renaissance Composition
During the Renaissance (15th and 16th centuries) artists discovered new ways to help them create more realistic and
compelling images.
with reliefs, had been familiar for centuries. A Early Renaissance Sculpture Ghiberti’s Gates of ParadiseThe Gates of Paradise are bronze doors created by Italian Renaissance sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti between 1425 and 1452for the east entrance to the baptistery of the Florence Cathedral in Italy. This detail, showing Isaac and Esau, is from oneof the doors' ten panels, each of which illustrates a story from the Bible. Ghiberti endowed the scenes with volume, depth,and movement, and helped initi...
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Japanese Literature
I
INTRODUCTION
Japanese Literature, literature of Japan, in written form from at least the 8th century
AD
to the present.
The Man’yō’sh ū contains about 4,500 poems, most of them composed in the Nara period (710-784). Some of the poems are far older, however, and some of the verses date to earlier collections that have not survived. The work demonstrates a gradual change from basic verses on simple subjects to more sophisticated expressions with a broad range of subject matter. This text also shows the development of poetic forms such as the tanka (short poem), a form structured around alternating lines of 5 an...
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Devoir philo: la nature humaine
d'humanité n'est pas une idée éternelle. Sa constitution a exigée le contact avec d'autres peuples, ainsi qu'une problématisation explicite du rapport entre les peuples. Cette diversité est sans doute le seul critère véritable propre à l'humanité : le genre humain comporte presque autant de sortes d'hommes qu'il y a d'espèces animales. La notion de nature humaine nous interdit de penser cette diversité, elle a une forte teneur ethnocentriste puisque c’est elle qui a permis de construire l...
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Expliquez le texte suivant : Thomas HOBBES in « Léviathan », chapitre XIII.
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Kholle Allemand ECS
sich als Gruppe von Unternehmen, die heute schon mit ihren Produkten und Dienstleistungen aktiv zum Klimaschutz beitragen . Sie fordern eine wirksame und planbar steigende CO2-Bepreisung für alle Sektoren, eine beschleunigte Energie-, Agrar- und Mobilitätswende, eine echte Kreislaufwirtschaft, die Abschaffung klimaschädlicher Subventionen, ein ambitioniertes Klimaschutzgesetz und einen Innovationsfonds. Unter den Unterzeichnern finden sich Fahrradhersteller, Biobauern und Erneuerbare-Ene...
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Rousseau et le désir - La Nouvelle Héloïse
Explication du texte de Rousseau La nouvelle Héloïse A travers cet extrait, Rousseau aborde le rapport entre le désir et le bonheur. On croit communément qu’il est nécessaire de satisfaire ses désirs pour être heureux. Cependant, dans ce texte, le philosophe genevois affirme paradoxalement que le bonheur réside dans le fait de désirer et non dans l’assouvissement des désirs. Il souligne l’importance de l’imagination d...
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Pourquoi les différences entre les gens sont source d'enrichissement ?
le deuxième groupe, différenciation qui peut s’expliquer par des facteurs morphologiques, ethniques, religieux ou historiques Spontanément, les différences ont donc plus tendance à apparaître comme des obstacles destructeurs plutôt que comme des sources d’enrichissement. La différence étant à la source d’un sentiment d’étrangeté de part et d’autre, l’enrichissement ne peut se concevoir que dans l e dépassement et l’acceptation de nos différences. Nous verrons donc l’enric hisseme...
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En s’éloignant de la nature, l’humanité a-t-elle fait son propre malheur ?
On peut se demander quand est -ce que l’homme est devenu si égoïste ou du moins indifférent . La vérité étant que l’égoïsme fait partie de l’humain, simplement elle ne s’exprime pas de la même façon pour tout le monde. Cependant, il est évident que l’homme à son état naturel n’a prouvé son égoïsme que par le biais de son instinct de survie, tandis que l’homme « civilisé » fait preuve d’ égoïsme pour des choses qui ne mettent pas en danger sa vie. Ce dernier point...
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Le pays des chimères est en ce monde le seul digne d'être habité, et tel est le néant des choses humaines, qu'hors l'Etre existant par lui-même, il n'y a rien de beau que ce qui n'est pas. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Extrait de La Nouvelle Héloïse, VIII, 1761
2 L’extrait présenté aborde le thème du Bonheur, un bonheur provenant de nos désirs agrémentés par l’Imagination. La croyance commune prétend que le bonheur se situe dans la satisfaction de nos désirs. Est -ce une pens ée valable en tout temps ? Le bonheur ne résiderait -il pas dans une forme de perpétuel désir qui ne serait jamais abouti ? C’est ce que nous expose Rousseau dans cet extrait de La Nouvelle Héloïse écrit en 1761 . Dans sa thèse , on ne retire que peu de bonhe...
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- Idea of progress
- Commentaire L'Orage de Brassens
- Question d’interprétation littéraire Texte de Virgile
- Guillaume Apollinaire
- Exposé de physique sur l’univers
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La dynamique instable du capitalisme
si la croissance effective est inférieure à la croissance potentielle, cela signifie que des capacités de production sont inutilisées : montée du chômage, sous-utilisation du capital fixe Les causes exogènes des fluctuations : les chocs d’offre et les chocs de demande o A) Le modèle offre globale/demande globale 2 variables : la production totale de biens et de services, mesurée par le PIB réel le niveau général des prix , mesuré par l’indice des prix à la consommation...
- Montaigne, des cannibales, I,31
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Les droits subjectifs et leurs titulaires
2Prépas HEC « Ce qu’on appelle liberté , dans le langage politique , c’est le droit de faire des lois , c’est-à- dire d’ enchaîner la liberté . » Auguste Vermorel pénale. Dans certains cas toutefois, le secret ne s’applique pas, il en va ainsi de la correspondance des détenus. En France, les écoutes téléphoniques depuis 1991 doivent faire l’objet soit d’une autorisation écrite et motivée du Premier ministre (écoute administrative) soit d’une autoris...
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- Tourisme solidaire en espagnol
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Le temps, selon Bergson
L’existence présuppose le temps, quelle que soit la forme d’existence envisagée. À titre d’exemples, la roche et l’homme existent, certes selon des modalités spécifiques, mais ces deux existants relèvent cependant de la catégorie de la « réalité empirique » au sens où, comme corps (inerte pour la première, animé pour le second), ils apparaissent dans le champ de l’expérience la plus familière dans la mesu...
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Philosophie : sommes-nous en démocratie ?
des trois pouvoirs constituant un Etat. . N ous avons aussi une grande chance de pouvoir effectuer des élections c’est à d ire que nous pouvons choisir un candidat par rapport a ces objectifs et sa vision du pays pour qu’il devienne notre président ainsi grâce à ces élections qui sont bien sur libres et transparentes nous pouvons exprimer nos choix et nos visions à travers ce candidat. Dans d’autres pays, le peuple n’a pas le choix de son dirigeant. Par exemple aux Pays -Bas, d...
- Le Rouge et le Noir Incipit Analyse
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Leonardo da Vinci.
Leonardo's stylistic innovations are even more apparent in The Last Supper, in which he represented a traditional theme in an entirely new way. Instead of showing the 12 apostles as individual figures, he grouped them in dynamic compositional units of three, framing the figure of Christ, who is isolated in the center of the picture.Seated before a pale distant landscape seen through a rectangular opening in the wall, Christ—who has just announced that one of those present will betrayhim—repres...
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Galaxy - astronomy.
Astronomers have obtained images of young galaxies using the Keck Telescope in Hawaii and the Hubble Space Telescope, which resides in an orbit high above Earth’satmosphere and thus avoids atmospheric interference. Photos from the HST show galaxies that are as far as 13 billion light-years away from Earth, which means theyformed soon after the universe formed about 13.7 billion years ago. The galaxies appear to be spherical in shape, and may be early precursors of elliptical and spiralgalaxies....
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William Henry Harrison.
in September 1813, Harrison recaptured the city of Detroit, which the British had taken in 1812. The following month he overtook the British and Tecumseh's forces onthe Thames River in Canada. He captured the entire British force. Tecumseh was killed, and his forces were routed. Harrison's triumph on the Thames, although won over inferior forces badly placed, was vitally important because the victory secured the Northwest from the threat of aBritish invasion from Canada. It also added considerab...
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William Henry Harrison
in September 1813, Harrison recaptured the city of Detroit, which the British had taken in 1812. The following month he overtook the British and Tecumseh's forces onthe Thames River in Canada. He captured the entire British force. Tecumseh was killed, and his forces were routed. Harrison's triumph on the Thames, although won over inferior forces badly placed, was vitally important because the victory secured the Northwest from the threat of aBritish invasion from Canada. It also added considerab...
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Radio Astronomy - astronomy.
equivalent to the apparent angular dimensions of a basketball at the distance of the moon. In 1984, the U.S. government appropriated funds for the construction of aninstallation called the very long baseline array (VLBA), a network of 10 radio antennas spread from the U.S.-Canadian border to Puerto Rico and from Hawaii to the U.S.Atlantic coast. The VLBA is expected to provide angular resolutions in the range of 200-millionths of an arc second. Canada and Australia are both planning similarprogr...
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Cold War.
With this, all the countries of Eastern Europe were under Communist control, and the creation of the Soviet bloc was complete. The events of 1948 contributed to agrowing conviction among political leaders in both the United States and the USSR that the opposing power posed a broad and fundamental threat to their nation’sinterests. The Berlin blockade and the spread of Communism in Europe led to negotiations between Western Europe, Canada, and the United States that resulted in the NorthAtlantic...